Atoms

CR E A TED B Y MS . N OR R I S
How Small Are Atoms???.... Really small.
Subatomic Particles
Protons- inside nucleus, positive charge p+
Neutrons- inside nucleus, no charge n
Electrons- around the atom e-
Croutons- not in an atom.tastes good on salad.
 The Cloud.Electron Cloud that is.
The electrons travel around the atom in levels that are part of the electron
cloud.
Each level can only hold so many e-
How many electrons are in a level (valence electrons) plays a part in how
elements are sorted on the Periodic Table (our next topic of study)
1st= 2 e-
2nd= 8 e-
3rd = 8 e-
4th = 18 e-
 Same but different
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different # n
Ions atoms of the same element with different # p+ than e-
If an ion has more p+ then positive charge.
If an ion has more e- then negative charge.
 Wait.I learned about magnets and
how opposites attract.what on earth?
Protons are positive but are stuck inside the nucleus.why arent they
repelling?
Electrons are negative but are staying in an electron cloud around the
atom instead of flying away??? Huh???
 Forces Hold Atoms Together!!!
Nuclear Force is the strongest force known in the universe. This keeps the
p+ that want to repel held together by the neutrons.
Electromagnetic Force keeps the e- in the cloud because pulling toward
the p+ and they dont fall into the middle because of their momentum.
Remember the Electromagnetic Spectrum?? Properties of the atoms in
elements allow certain light to absorb and reflect giving it color.
Gravity also plays a part, but scientists are still studying how.
 Elemental Atoms
When we study the elements on the Periodic Table (again..later) we are
studying individual atoms of each element.
They are named sometimes after Latin and Greek words which is why their
abbreviations dont always make sense.
But for now, we are looking at the numbers above and below those
element names and symbols.
 Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
Atomic Number is at the top and it is equal to the number of protons (and
electrons)
Atomic Mass is at the bottom and it gives you the weight of the atom by
combining the p+ and n an then can be rounded off.
To find out how many neutrons you have, subtract the Atomic number from
the Mass.
Elements,
Compounds
& Mixtures
Created By Mr. Vitale
Matter
Matter is what makes up all of the STUFF
around us.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space
Examples- Cars, Pizza, I-phones, Football
Players, trees, water, gold, etc.
Matter can be made up of one type of
material or a mixture of many.
 A pure substance is something that has definite
Pure Substances
properties (characteristics)
There are 2 types of pure substances:
1) Elements 2) Compounds

Some of these are physical properties: appearance,

melting point, electrical conductivity
Some of these are chemical properties: reactivity,
flammability, the ability to rust, etc.
 Elements
An element is a pure substance (only 1 type of particle)
that cannot be separated into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means.
Listed on the Periodic Table.
Element
The periodic table list all of the elements
known to scientists.
A. True
B. False
Elements are considered to be a pure
substance
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is NOT an
example of an element?
A. Oxygen (O)
B. Argon (Ar)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. Silver (Ag)
 Compounds
A compound is a pure substance composed of 2 or
more elements that are chemically combined
Scientists call this a Chemical Bond
 Examples of Compounds

Compounds contain elements

The elements combine + lose their original properties
Compounds CAN be separated by chemical means
By looking at the number that follows each symbol you
Sodium (Na) can tell how many atoms each compound has.
+
Chlorine (Cl)
NaCl

Hydrogen (H) + Oxygen (O)

Carbon (C) + Oxygen (O)
H2O
CO2
You can often identify compounds
because they will have multiple
symbols listed after them like:
H2O CO2 NaCl Al2O3

A. True
B. False
Which of the following is an example of
a Compound
A. A gold and silver necklace
B. Salt (NaCl)
C. Milk
D. Air
How many atoms of Oxygen are in
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances
that are not chemically combined.
Examples of Mixtures

chicken noodle soup salad

pizza yes, that would be Yoda

Properties of Mixtures:
Each substance in a mixture keeps its identity
You can physically separate them

They also contain elements, compounds, or

both

And they can be formed using any ratio of

Mixtures may be homogeneous or
heterogeneous
The prefix homo indicates the same
Homogeneous mixtures have the same appearance
and properties throughout the mixture

The prefix hetero indicates difference

Heterogeneous mixtures consist of visibly different
substances
Examples of Homogenous Mixtures
Milk

Salt Water

Koolaid

Soda
Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Italian Salad Dressing

Chicken Noodle Soup

Pizza

Jello with Fruit in it

Salt water is an example of a
A. Homogenous Mixture because it looks the same
throughout.
B. Homogenous Mixture because it has Salt (NaCl)
in it.
C. Heterogenous Mixture because it looks the same
throughout.
D. Heterogenous Mixture because it has chunks
floating around it it
Which of the following is an example of
a heterogeneous mixture?

A. Chocolate Milk
B. Sprite
C. Salt Water
D. Sprite with ice cubes
Types of Mixtures
There are THREE types of mixtures:
Solutions
Suspensions
Colloids
 Solutions
A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single
substance, but it is actually composed of 2 or more
substances that are distributed evenly amongst each
other.
SOLUTIONS ARE HOMOGENEOUS

sugar & Kool-Aid powder

are dissolved in water
carbon dioxide is salt is dissolved in water
dissolved in water
 Suspensions
A suspension is a mixture in which particles of a material
are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas, but are large
enough that they settle out.
SUSPENSIONS ARE HETEROGENEOUS

That water is
disgusting!

muddy water Italian dressing

Which of the following is an example of
a solution?
A. A heterogeneous mixture that has chunks floating
in it.
B. A heterogeneous mixture that has been blended
until smooth.
C. A homogeneous mixture that has salt dissolved in
it
D. None of the above.
Which of the following is NOT an
example of a suspension?
A. Dirt mixed with water
B. Italian Salad Dressing
C. Coke with Ice Cubes
D. Orange Gatorade
 Colloids
A colloid is a mixture in which the particles are
dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to
settle out.
COLLOIDS ARE HOMOGENEOUS

Colloids have
properties of
both solutions
& suspensions.

mayonnaise milk
 A Boy and His Atom
The Making of A Boy and His Atom
Identify the following with as many
terms as apply
1. Table salt
2. Salad Mixture
Element
3. Mayonnaise Compound
4. Italian dressing Suspension
Colloid
5. Pepsi
Solution
6. Oxygen Homogeneous

7. Hydrogen Heterogeneous

8. Water
Physical Science
When looking at bonds that create compounds, there are
two types of bonds that you need to know.
Covalent Bond: When atoms share electrons (like H2O)
Ionic Bond: When atoms give away an electron turning
them into an ion.
The Periodic Table
CR E A TED B Y MS . N OR R I S
Those are some really weird words Ms.
Norris
How Elements Got Their Names
 What is an element?
A substance that cant be broken down
into something simpler.
All atoms of an element have the same
atomic number.
 Periodic Table
Arrangement of the elements in order of their
atomic numbers. Elements with similar numbers
fall in the same column or group.
Which elements am I talking about?
 Metals,
Metals Nonmetals,
are shiny andheat
and conduct Metalloids
and electricity well.
Solid at room temperature.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids have some properties of metals and
nonmetals.
 Alloy
Solid mixture of one or more elements.
Examples: Steel, Aluminum alloy, Titanium, Brass
 GroupsGroups and Periods
are organized by the number of valence electrons
(electrons on the last ring of the electron cloud) and are vertical
(top to bottom)
Periods are horizontal (left to right) and have patterns in density
and atomic size. Left and Right least dense. Middle most dense.
Far right called Nobel Gases and they have complete electron
cloud shells.
The Periodic Table Song
You will need to know numbers
1-57 and 72-89
Acids & Bases
THEY ARE EVERYWHERE..
IN YOUR FOOD
IN YOUR HOUSE
EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
What is an acid?
An acid is a solution that has an excess
of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word
acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
The more H + ions, the more acidic the
solution.
Properties of an Acid

Tastes Sour
Conduct Electricity
Corrosive, which means they
break down certain
substances. Many acids can
corrode fabric, skin,and paper
Some acids react strongly with
metals
Turns blue litmus paper red.
Red litmus paper stays red.
Picture from BBC Revision Bites
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_b
ases_1.shtml
Uses of Acids
Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = lemons, limes, &
oranges. It is in many sour
candies such as lemonhead &
sour patch.
Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C
which your body needs to
function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the
production of fertilizers, steel,
paints, and plastics.
Car batteries
What is a base?

A base is a solution that has an

excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.
Bases are substances that can
accept hydrogen ions
Properties of a Base

Feel Slippery
Taste Bitter
Corrosive
Can conduct electricity. (Think
alkaline batteries.)
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue. Blue
litmus paper stays Blue
Uses of Bases
Bases give soaps, ammonia,
and many other cleaning
products some of their useful
properties.
The OH- ions interact strongly
with certain substances,
such as dirt and grease.
Chalk and oven cleaner are
examples of familiar
products that contain bases.
Your blood is a basic
solution.
pH Scale
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic
a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

Acidic solutions have pH values below

7
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Pure water has a pH of 7.

Basic solutions have pH values above

7.
 pH Scale
A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold
change in the acidity of the solution.
For example, if one solution has a pH of 11
and a second solution has a pH of 12, the first
solution is not twice as basic as the secondit
is ten times more basic.
Acid Base Reactions

A reaction between an
acid and a base is
called neutralization. An
acid-base mixture is not
as acidic or basic as the
individual starting
solutions.

Another word for a

neutral is salt
Acid Base reactions

Each salt listed in this table can be

formed by the reaction between an
acid and a base.
Properties of Matter
CR E A TED B Y MS . N OR R I S
Quick Review
Weve covered a lot this year
so lets do a quick review.
Atoms
Subatomic Particles
Protons- inside nucleus, positive charge p+
Neutrons- inside nucleus, no charge n
Electrons- around the atom e-
 The Cloud.Electron Cloud that is.
How many electrons are in a level (valence electrons) plays a part in how
elements are sorted on the Periodic Table.
1st= 2 e-
2nd= 8 e-
3rd = 8 e-
4th = 18 e-
 Same but different
Isotopes different # n
Ions different # p+ than e-
If an ion has more p+ then positive charge.
If an ion has more e- then negative charge.
 Forces Hold Atoms Together!!!
Nuclear Force is the strongest force known in the universe. This keeps the
p+ that want to repel held together by the neutrons.
Electromagnetic Force keeps the e- in the cloud because pulling toward
the p+ and they dont fall into the middle because of their momentum.
Remember the Electromagnetic Spectrum?? Properties of the atoms in
elements allow certain light to absorb and reflect giving it color.
Gravity also plays a part, but scientists are still studying how.
Also Weak Force.but its pretty weak.
 Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
Atomic Number is at the top and it is equal to the number of protons (and
electrons)
Atomic Mass is at the bottom and it gives you the weight of the atom by
combining the p+ and n an then can be rounded off.
To find out how many neutrons you have, subtract the Atomic number from
the Mass.
The Periodic Table
Enjoy the Video
Reminder
 What is an element?
A substance that cant be broken down
into something simpler.
All atoms of an element have the same
atomic number.
You will need to know numbers
1-57 and 72-89
Elements,
Compounds
& Mixtures
Created By Mr. Vitale
Matter
Matter is what makes up all of the
STUFF around us.
Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
Quick Reminder
Pure Substances
A pure substance is something that has definite
properties (characteristics)
There are 2 types of pure substances:
1) Elements 2) Compounds

Some of these are physical properties: appearance,

melting point, electrical conductivity
Some of these are chemical properties: reactivity,
flammability, the ability to rust, etc.
Element
The periodic table list all of the elements
known to scientists.
A. True
B. False
Elements are considered to be a pure
substance
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is NOT an
example of an element?
A. Oxygen (O)
B. Argon (Ar)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. Silver (Ag)
 Compounds
A compound is a pure substance composed of 2 or
more elements that are chemically combined
Scientists call this a Chemical Bond
The elements combine + lose their original properties
 Examples of Compounds

Sodium (Na)
+
Chlorine (Cl)
NaCl

Carbon (C) + Oxygen (O)

CO2

Hydrogen (H) + Oxygen (O)

H2O
You can often identify compounds
because they will have multiple
symbols listed after them like:
H2O CO2 NaCl Al2O3

A. True
B. False
Which of the following is an example of
a Compound
A. A gold and silver necklace
B. Salt (NaCl)
C. Milk
D. Air
How many atoms of Oxygen are in
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances
that are not chemically combined.
Examples of Mixtures

chicken noodle soup salad

pizza yes, that would be Yoda
Examples of Homogenous Mixtures

Milk

Salt Water

Koolaid

Soda
Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Italian Salad Dressing

Chicken Noodle Soup

Pizza

Jello with Fruit in it

Salt water is an example of a
A. Homogenous Mixture because it looks the same
throughout.
B. Homogenous Mixture because it has Salt (NaCl)
in it.
C. Heterogenous Mixture because it looks the same
throughout.
D. Heterogenous Mixture because it has chunks
floating around it it
Which of the following is an example of
a heterogeneous mixture?

A. Chocolate Milk
B. Sprite
C. Salt Water
D. Sprite with ice cubes
Solutions

sugar & Kool-Aid powder

are dissolved in water
carbon dioxide is salt is dissolved in water
dissolved in water
Suspensions

muddy water
Italian dressing
Which of the following is an example of
a solution?
A. A heterogeneous mixture that has chunks floating
in it.
B. A heterogeneous mixture that has been blended
until smooth.
C. A homogeneous mixture that has salt dissolved in
it
D. None of the above.
Which of the following is NOT an
example of a suspension?
A. Dirt mixed with water
B. Italian Salad Dressing
C. Coke with Ice Cubes
D. Orange Gatorade
Colloids

mayonnaise

milk
Phases of Matter
 What would to an ice
happen if you cube?
added heat

It would melt into

liquid water.
 What would to liquid water?
happen if you
added heat
It would boil and
eventually
evaporate into
water vapor
(gas)
 An ice cube is placed inside a metal pot and
placed on a stove. After a period of time, the cube
of ice melts into liquid water and then begins to
evaporate into water vapor. Which of the following
correctly describes the changes in the states of
matter? (7.1)
A. Heat is added to change from liquid to gas, and
then gas to solid.
B. Heat is taken away to change from solid to liquid,
and then liquid to gas.
C. Heat is added to change from solid to liquid, and
then liquid to gas.
D. Heat is taken away to change from liquid to gas,
and then gas to solid.
 One morning, Ryan noticed there were tiny drops of
water on the grass as he walked to school. That
afternoon, he did not see any drops of water on the
grass when he returned home. Which of the
following best explains what happened to the drops
of water? (7.2)
A. The heat from the air caused the water drops to
boil.
B. The air cooled the water and caused the drops
to freeze.
C. The Sun heated the water and caused the drops
to evaporate.
D. The energy from the Sun caused the water drops
to condense.
Which one is more dense?
Which square is more dense?
Which one is more dense?
Now which one is more dense?
Liquid Layers
Which layer has the highest
density?
Which layer has the lowest
density?
Which of the layers is the least
dense?
A. Oil, because it is floating on top
B. Water, because it has the least stuff in it
C. Golden Syrup, because it is on the bottom
Which of the layers is the most
dense?
A. Oil, because it is floating on top
B. Water, because it has the least stuff in it
C. Golden Syrup, because it is on the bottom
Match the color of the liquid with the
correct density.
A. Green- 15g/cm Blue- 9g/cm Brown- 3g/cm
3 3 3

B. Brown- 9 g/cm3 Red- 2g/cm3 Green- 3g/cm3

C. Brown- 15 g/cm3 Blue-7g/cm3 Green- 3g/cm3
Below is a list of densities for various liquids.
Which of the following would be located
under a layer of water if they were poured
into a graduated cylinder? (The density of
water is 1 g/mL).

A. .99 g/mL
B. 1.25 g/mL
C. .75 g/mL
What is density?
Density = mass OR mass volume.
volume

Units for density: g ALWAYS

cm3 REMEMBER
UNITS!
Sarah has a watch with a mass of 4g
and a volume of 2cm3. What is the
density of the watch?

A. 0.5 g/cm3
B. 8 g/cm3
C. 2 g/cm3
Mike has a wallet. It has a mass of 15g
and a volume of 5cm3. What is the
density of the wallet?

A. 3 g/cm3
B. 0.33 g/cm3
C. 75 g/cm3
What is the volume of the hammer?

A. 65 mL
B. 69 mL
C. 4 mL
What is the volume of the figure?
A. 5 mL
B. 8.4 mL 5 mL

C. 1.6 mL

3.4 mL
What is the Density of the figure if it has
a mass of 25.5 g
A. 15.9 g/cm
3

B. 10.2 g/cm3
C. 5.1 g/cm3
Density is a Physical Property of matter.
Physical properties are characteristics or traits that can be
used to describe matter with out changing the identity of
it.
This means that if scientists know the density of a mystery
material, they can figure out what it is by comparing it
to a list of known densities.
A geologist discovers a rock and wants to know
what it made of. She measures the mass at 72
g and the volume at 8 mL. What is the rock
made of?

A. Iron
B. Lead
C. Gold
If you went to the moon your mass
would stay the same.
A. True
B. False
If you went to the moon your weight
would stay the same
A. True
B. False
Properties of Matter
CR E A TED B Y MS . N OR R I S
Physical Science
When looking at bonds that create compounds, there are
two types of bonds that you need to know.
Covalent Bond: When atoms share electrons (like H2O)
Ionic Bond: When atoms give away an electron turning
them into an ion.
 Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed and
measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples:
Density
Electrical Conductivity
Solubility
Thermal Conductivity
Malleability
Luster
Melting Point
Magnetic Attraction
Boiling Point
Density
A measure of the amount of mass
in a given amount of volume.
Electrical Conductivity
Measure of how well an
electric current can move
through a substance.
Solubility

Ability of a substance to
dissolve in another
substance.
Thermal Conductivity
Rate at which a substance
transfers heat.
Malleability
Ability of a substance to be
rolled or pounded into various
shapes.
Luster

The shine or luster of a

metal.
Melting Point
Temperature at which a
substances changes from
a solid to a liquid.
Magnetic Attraction

Ability for magnetism

to occur.
Boiling Point

The temperature at which

a liquid boils.
 Chemical Property
A substances ability to change into a new
substance with different properties.
Examples:
Reactivity
Flammability
Reactivity
Ability of a substance to
interact with another substance
and form one or more new
substances.

Luminol
Oxidation
Reaction with
Hydrogen Potassium
Peroxide and Ferricyanide
Manganese
Dioxide
Flammability
Ability for a substance to
burn.
What is fire?
Density
#1-3
 Density Liquid Tower
What is density?
Density is how much matter (or stuff) is packed into a
certain volume (or space).
Which one is more dense?
Demonstration: People in a square

How about this: Which square is more dense?

Which one is more dense?
Now which one is more dense?
Liquid Layers
If you pour together liquids that dont mix and have
different densities, they will form liquid layers.
The liquid with the highest density will be on the bottom.
The liquid with the lowest density will be on the top.
Liquid Layers
Check out this picture from
your book. Which layer has the
highest density?
Which layer has the lowest
density?
Imagine that the liquids have
the following densities:
10g/cm3. 3g/cm3.
6g/cm3. 5g/cm3.
Which number would go with
which layer?
Which of the layers is the least
dense?
A. Oil, because it is floating on top
B. Water, because it has the least stuff in it
C. Golden Syrup, because it is on the bottom
Which of the layers is the most
dense?
A. Oil, because it is floating on top
B. Water, because it has the least stuff in it
C. Golden Syrup, because it is on the bottom
Match the color of the liquid with the
correct density.
A. Green- 15g/cm Blue- 9g/cm Brown- 3g/cm
3 3 3

B. Brown- 9 g/cm3 Red- 2g/cm3 Green- 3g/cm3

C. Brown- 15 g/cm3 Blue-7g/cm3 Green- 3g/cm3
Below is a list of densities for various liquids.
Which of the following would be located
under a layer of water if they were poured
into a graduated cylinder? (The density of
water is 1 g/mL).

A. .99 g/mL
B. 1.25 g/mL
C. .75 g/mL
 Why does the Earth Have Layers?
Density Day 2
What is density?
Density = mass OR mass volume.
volume

ALWAYS
Units for density: g . REMEMBER
UNITS!
cm3
Lets try a density problem together
Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9g and a volume of
3cm3. What is its density?

Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of 3g, and a volume

of 1cm3. What is its density?
Work on these problems with your neighbor.
Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 6g and a volume
of 3cm3. What is the density of the rock?

Jill has a gel pen. The gel pen has a mass of 8g and a
volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the pen?
Sarah has a watch with a mass of 4g
and a volume of 2cm3. What is the
density of the watch?

A. 0.5 g/cm3
B. 8 g/cm3
C. 2 g/cm3
Mike has a wallet. It has a mass of 15g
and a volume of 5cm3. What is the
density of the wallet?

A. 3 g/cm3
B. 0.33 g/cm3
C. 75 g/cm3
Density Day 3
Sometimes you are not given the
volume you have to figure it out

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_apPzMACzTw
What is the volume of the hammer?

A. 65 mL
B. 69 mL
C. 4 mL
What is the volume of the figure?
A. 5 mL
B. 8.4 mL 5 mL

C. 1.6 mL

3.4 mL
What is the Density of the figure if it has
a mass of 25.5 g
A. 15.9 g/cm
3

B. 10.2 g/cm3
C. 5.1 g/cm3
Density is a Physical Property of matter.
Physical properties are characteristics or traits that can be
used to describe matter with out changing the identity of
it.
This means that if scientists know the density of a mystery
material, they can figure out what it is by comparing it
to a list of known densities.
For example: Below is a table that
contains
You want to knowsome known
if a necklace is made densities.
of pure gold.

First you calculate the mass of the

necklace 42 g

Next you figure out the volume of the

necklace 3 mL

D= M/V

D= 42 / 3

D= 14

Is the necklace pure gold?

What is it really made of?
A geologist discovers a rock and wants to know
what it made of. She measures the mass at 72
g and the volume at 8 mL. What is the rock
made of?

A. Iron
B. Lead
C. Gold
 Are Mass and Weight the
same thing?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSdgg6E8p1k
 Mass is Not Weight
Mass is the amount of Matter
Weight is how we measure Gravity
If you went to the moon your mass
would stay the same.
A. True
B. False
If you went to the moon your weight
would stay the same
A. True
B. False
Physical and
Chemical Changes
H OW CA N Y OU T E LL T H E D I F F E R ENCE?
Catalyst
1. When ice melts into water, is it still
H2O? How do you know
2. What about when fruit starts
rotting does it become
something else, or is it still the
same? How do you know?
Who Cares?
Reactions are
happening
around us all
the time Impact and
explosions
If we can learn Fuel burning in a car

more about
them, maybe
we can use
them!
Human brain activity
 Make this chart and fill the ovals
using the following notes!

(clues help
guess, but Physical Change:
arent
guarantees)
Physical Change
Def: A change in which matter changes form, but does not change composition (A.K.A. its identity does not change)

Clues:

Change phase (solid, liquid, gas)

No new substance created

No new substance destroyed

Shape changes

Size changes

No color change
 Which clue(s) tells you these are
physical changes?
Examples: 1. 2.

1.Glass
breaking

2.Butter
melting

3.Chopping 3.
wood
Which of the following is an
example of a physical change?
A. A campfire burning wood
B. Chocolate bar melting in a hot car
C. A banana that is rotting on the ground
D. Baking a cake
Which of the following is NOT an
example of a physical change?
A. Dissolving sugar in water
B. Boiling water making water vapor
C. Ripping paper into 4 equal parts
D. Burning your progress report
 Make this chart and fill the ovals
using the following notes!

(clues help
guess, but Chemical Change:
arent
guarantees)
Chemical Change
Def: A change in which matter changes composition by creating new substances

Clues:

New color appears

Heat or light is given off

Fizzing/foaming

Change in odor

Precipitate (e.g. powder) forms

Change is difficult to reverse

 Which clue(s) tells you these are
chemical changes?
Examples: 1. 2.

1.Bleaching
hair

2.Frying
an egg

3.Fireworks 3.
exploding
Which of the following is an example of
a chemical change?
A. Cooking Raw Hamburgers on the grill
B. Melting butter in a pan
C. Water boiling to make water vapor
D. Water reaching its saturation point
Some people think that dissolving salt in
water is an example of a chemical
change? Are they right?
A. Yes, because a new substance is created
B. Yes, because you cant undo the change
C. No, because no new substances are created
D. No, because the substance has a new identity
Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis &
Cellular Respiration
How is energy
being obtained
by the organisms?
Plant
Caterpillar

Which organisms
uses
photosynthesis to
obtain energy?

Can you see the

vascular (vessel)
system of the
plant?
 What does reactants Ingredients.
mean?

What are the reactants Sunlight (energy),

of photosynthesis? carbon dioxide, and
(what things are going water.
into the plant?)
Reactants for Photosynthesis
Review Question
What are organelles again?
Organelles are structures that do certain jobs in a cell.
 Where does Inside organelles in
photosynthesis happen? plant cells called
chloroplasts. They have
something called
chlorophyll which
captures sunlight.
 What are products? Products are things that
are made.
Sugar and oxygen.
What are the products
of photosynthesis?
Products of Photosynthesis
Reactants
Products

Photosynthe
sis
What are Reactants
again?
A. TH E I N GR ED IENTS T H A T GO I N T O A R E A CTI ON
B . TH E P R ODU CTS TH A T COME OU T OF A R E A CTI ON
C . A LL OF T H E A B OV E
What are Reactants again?
A. The ingredients that go into a reaction
B. The products that come out of a reaction
C. All of the above
What are the reactants needed for
Photosynthesis?
A. Water, Sunlight, Oxygen
B. Water, Energy, Oxygen
C. Water, Energy, Carbon Dioxide
D. Water and Fertilizer
What are the reactants needed for
Photosynthesis?
A. Water, Sunlight, Oxygen
B. Water, Energy, Oxygen
C. Water, Energy, Carbon Dioxide
D. Water and Fertilizer
What about organisms that can NOT
make their own food?
Consumers such as animals cant make their own food.
Plants AND Animals undergo another process called

Cellular Respiration
in which they turn Glucose (A.K.A. sugar) into.
What do organisms need energy for?
A. To catch food and to run from predators
B. To stay warm during cold weather
C. To carry out life processes such as breathing, digesting
food, transporting nutrients, etc
D. All of the above
What do organisms need energy for?
A. To catch food and to run from predators
B. To stay warm during cold weather
C. To carry out life processes such as breathing,
digesting food, transporting nutrients, etc
D. All of the above
 What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is how
organisms take the sugar,
and break it apart to get
the energy stored inside
the sugar.
What is the original source of energy for
all living things (plants and animals)?
A. Nutrients in the soil feed plants and plants pass the
energy onto consumers.
B. Plants use water to gain nutrients and then pass the
energy onto consumers.
C. Plants make their own food using energy from sunlight
and pass this energy onto consumers.
D. Consumers are able to get energy from eating plants
and when they die, give energy back.
What is the original source of energy for all
living things (plants and animals)?
A. Nutrients in the soil feed plants and plants pass
the energy onto consumers.
B. Plants use water to gain nutrients and then pass
the energy onto consumers.
C. Plants make their own food using energy from
sunlight and pass this energy onto consumers.
D. Consumers are able to get energy from eating
plants and when they die, give energy back.
What are Reactants again?
A. The ingredients that go into a reaction
B. The products that come out of a reaction
C. All of the above
What are Reactants again?
A. The ingredients that go into a reaction
B. The products that come out of a reaction
C. All of the above
What are the reactants for Cellular
Respiration?
A. Energy from sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide
B. Energy from sunlight, Water, Oxygen
C. Oxygen and Glucose (A.K.A. Sugar)
D. Oxygen and Water
What are the reactants for Cellular
Respiration?
A. Energy from sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide
B. Energy from sunlight, Water, Oxygen
C. Oxygen and Glucose (A.K.A. Sugar)
D. Oxygen and Water
Reactants for Cellular Respiration
What are Products?
A. Products are the ingredients that go into a reaction
B. Things you put in your hair to make it look nice
C. What comes out of a reaction. (A.K.A. what is made)
What are Products?
A. Products are the ingredients that go into a
reaction
B. Things you put in your hair to make it look nice
C. What comes out of a reaction. (A.K.A. what is
made)
What are the products of Cellular
Respiration?
A. Carbon Dioxide, Energy, and a little Water
B. Oxygen, Energy, and a little Water
C. Energy and Water
D. Energy and Oxygen
What are the products of Cellular
Respiration?
A. Carbon Dioxide, Energy, and a little Water
B. Oxygen, Energy, and a little Water
C. Energy and Water
D. Energy and Oxygen
Products of Cellular Respiration
Critical Thinking
Energy is one of the products of cellular respiration.
Whats different about that energy from the energy
that was the reactant of photosynthesis?
The energy is still the energy that came from the sun
but its just in a different form.
Critical Thinking
Whenever you eat anything, the energy you get
from that food is the same energy as the energy
from the sun.
Its just in a different form.
When you eat sunflower seeds, you get energy
(calories) from them. The sunflower got that energy
from the sun.
 The energy is just in a different form. Energy can
change forms like play-doh. When you have play-
doh it can be made into many different shapes, but
its the same play-doh.
The energy you get from eating sunflower seeds is in
the form of calories, but its the same energy as the
energy that came from the sun, except when the
plant got it, it was in the form of sunlight.
 Draw this into your Products
Reacta notes.
nts Cellular
Respiratio
n
True or False: The products of Photosynthesis
are the reactants for Cellular Respiration.
A. True
B. False
True or False: The products of
Photosynthesis are the reactants for
Cellular Respiration.

A. True
B. False
True or False: The products of cellular
respiration are the reactants for
photosynthesis
A. True
B. False
True or False: The products of cellular
respiration are the reactants for
photosynthesis

A. True
B. False
What is the relationship between
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?
In other words how do they affect each
other?

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for

cellular respiration.
The products of cellular respiration are the reactants
of photosynthesis.
EXIT TICKETS
HOW MUCH DID YOU LEARN TODAY?!?!?!?!

THESE COUNT FOR A GRADE!!!!

Green plants and algae make their own
food through a process called
photosynthesis. How do these cells use
energy from sunlight in photosynthesis?

A. Cells convert water and oxygen into food

B. Cells convert glucose and water into food
C. Cells convert water and chlorophyll into food
D. Cells convert water and carbon dioxide into food
Kristine exercises regularly. The process of
cellular respiration makes it possible for
Kristine to run on the treadmill and to lift
weights. What do her cells do during
cellular respiration?

A. Convert kinetic energy into chemical energy

B. Absorb light energy through the chlorophyll in
their chloroplasts.
C. Break down food molecules to release energy
D. Combine water and carbon dioxide to produce
oxygen and glucose.
Saras mother waters her houseplants with
a solution of water and fertilizer every
month. How do plants get the energy they
need to grow?

A. From fertilizers dissolved in water.

B. From the sun through the process of photosynthesis.
C. From water absorbed through the leaves
D. From cellular respiration which produces carbon
dioxide.