British Welfare

INTRODUCTION OF BRITISH AND
AMERICAN CULTURES
WELFARE IN THE UNITED

KINGDOM
Welfare in the United Kingdom
The Welfare State
comprises
expenditures by the
government of the
United Kingdom
intended to improve
health, education,
employment and social
security
Elizabethan era: The Old
English Poor law of
1601 - a parish based
system
- a compulsory poor rate
- the creation of
'overseers' of relief
- provision for 'setting the
poor on work'.
the New Poor Law in

1834 a highly
centralised system
the large-scale
development
of workhouses - Poor
Law Unions
- 1906, the competition
between Labor Party and
Liberal Party.
- the wave of communist revolts
after the First World War
- modern, complex industry had
more need for a healthy and
educated workforce than
older industries had.
20th century
The young
- In 1906 local authorities were allowed to provide free school
meals
- The Children and Young Persons Act 1908 - Children's Charter:
Imposed punishments for neglecting or treating children cruelly.
Banned selling cigarettes to children or sending them out
begging.
Separate juvenile courts were set up, which sent children
convicted of a crime to borstals
The old
- In 1908 pensions were introduced for the over 70s
Working people
- In 1909 Labour
Exchanges were set up to
help unemployed people find
work.
- The National Insurance Act
1911: free medical
treatment, and sick pay of
10 shillings a week for 26
weeks
13 million workers came to
be compulsorily covered
under this scheme.
1832: the old law is
subject to widespread
abuse and promoted
squalor, idleness and
criminality in its
recipients
Wellfare = private
charity
tighted up
Seebohm Rowntree
and Charles Booths
reports: in the massive
industrial cities,
between one-quarter
and one-third of the
population were living
below the poverty line
Benjamin Seebohm
Rowntree
the Second World War
mass evacuation of
(s di tn)
children, and of service in

the armed forces
increased support for
welfare among the
middle classes
the foundations of the
modern welfare state.
The Beveridge
Report of 1942: five
"Giant Evils
- Squalor: poverty
- Ignorance:
uneducation
- Want: lack
- Idleness:
unemployment
- Disease: illness
Beveridge:
unemployment benefits
should be held to a
subsistence level, and
after six months would
be conditional on work
or training avoid
abusing of the system
William Beveridge
Recommended a national,
compulsory, flat rate
insurance scheme which
would combine health care,
unemployment and
retirement benefits
three 'assumptions':
- family allowances,
- a national health
service
- full employment.
In 1945 the Labor Party

- Pledged to eradicate the
Giant Evils
- Undertook policy
measures to provide for
the people of the United
Kingdom "from the cradle
to the grave."
Laws:
- National Insurance Act
1946
- National Insurance
(Industrial Injuries) Act
1946.
- National Assistance Act
1948
Winston Churchill
The Labour Party and
classic Welfare State :
1945 1980s
compulsory National
Insurance contributions,
the provision of old
age pensions
increased expenditure and a widening of what was
considered to be the state's responsibility
- Not only services of education, health,
unemployment and sickness allowances, but also
included the ideas of :
increasing redistributive taxation
increasing regulation of industry, food, and housing
(better safety regulations, weights and measures
controls, etc.)
National Health
Service
- did not involve building
new hospitals but
nationalisation of
existing municipal
provision and
charitable foundations
The aim was not to
substantially increase
provision but to
standardise care
across the country
"free at the point of
use" a central idea

of the welfare state
in the 1980s, the
Thatcher government
began to privatise
public institutions
including compulsory
National Insurance
contributions, and the
provision of old age
pensions
since the 1980s the British
government has begun to
reduce some provisions in
England: free eye tests
However, the provision
of a welfare state is still a
basic principle of
government policy in the
United Kingdom today
UK Government welfare Income Support
expenditure 201112 (4.31%) Rent rebates
(percent) (3.43%)
State pension (46.32%) Attendance allowance
Housing Benefit (3.31%)
(10.55%) Jobseeker's Allowance
Disability Living (3.06%)
Allowance (7.87%) Incapacity Benefit
Pension Credit (5.06%) (3.06%)
Council Tax Benefit
(3%)
Other (10.03%)
UK Government welfare Incapacity Benefit: 4.9
expenditure 201112[8] Council Tax Benefit: 4.8
State pension : 74.2 Other uncategorized
Housing Benefit: 16.9 expenditure: 4.7
Disability Living Allowance: Employment and Support
12.6 Allowance: 3.6
Pension Credit: 8.1 Statutory Sick/Maternity pay:
Income Support: 6.9 2.5
Rent rebates: 5.5 Social Fund: 2.4
Attendance Allowance: 5.3 Carer's Allowance: 1.7
Jobseeker's Allowance: 4.9 Financial Assistance Scheme:
1.2
TOTAL: 160.2
21st century, the David
Cameron government started
programme of austerity
growing culture of welfare
dependency is perpetuating
welfare spending
a cultural change is required
to reduce the welfare bill.
church groups and others:
does insufficient work to
prevent hunger
Cameron David
The administration of welfare
in the UK
In 1960s,1970s:
- allow the planning and control

of public expenditure by the
Treasury
- the Treasury allocated
resources to departments, and
departments to services.
managerial efficiency and
economic planning
In 1980s and 1990s -
"new public
management: 3
elements
- the breakup of the
administration into
agencies the
efficiency of each part
of the administration
can be assessed
individually
- the introduction of
'management
- Quasi markets: more like
economic markets with the
separation of purchasing
and provision of services
and the introduction of
competition
work of many central
government agencies
serving government ,
have been privatised or
contracted out the main
role of the agencies that
remain is direct service
provision to the public.
The local government of
welfare
- local services for health,
social assistance and
education were
established during the
19th century
- the Poor Law guardians
Local government lost
many of its powers
after the war
a highly centralised
system of government
the powers of local
government are very
limited

British Welfare

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British Welfare

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INTRODUCTION OF BRITISH AND

WELFARE IN THE UNITED

the New Poor Law in

children, and of service in

In 1945 the Labor Party

use" a central idea

- allow the planning and control

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