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PRE FABRICATED STRUCTURES 1

Contents

Introduction Equipments
Features Assembling
Comparison scheduling
Design concept Advantages
Components Limitations
Types of precast system Conclusion
Design consideration references

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Introduction

The concept of precast structures also known as prefabricated/


modular structures.
The structural components are standardized and produced in plants
in a location away from the building site.
Then transported to the site for assembly.
The components are manufactured by industrial methods based on
mass production in order to build a large number of buildings in a
short time at low cost.

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Features

The division and specialization of the human


workforce.
The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment,
usually automated, in the production of standard,
interchangeable parts and products.
Compared to site-cast concrete, precast concrete
erection is faster and less affected by adverse
weather conditions.
Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high
quality control and greater control on finishes.
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Comparison
Site-cast transportation and elevation
no transportation capacity limits the size-
the size limitation is higher, industrialized quality
depending on the elevation less affected by weather
capacity only no space requirement on the
lower quality because site for fabrication
directly affected by weather unlimited opportunities of
proper, large free space architectural appearance
required option of standardized
components

Precast at plant
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Design concept for precast concrete buildings

The design concept


of the precast
buildings is based
on
1.build ability.
2.economy
3.standardization of
precast
components.

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Precast concrete structural elements
Precast slabs

FLAT SLAB-Flat slabs are appropriate for DOUBLE TEE-is a load-bearing


most floor situations and also for irregular structure that resembles two
column layouts, curved floor shapes, ramps T-beams connected to each
etc other side by side
HOLLOW CORE SLAB-is a precast slab of
prestressed concrete typically used in the SINGLE TEE- is a load-bearing
construction of floors in multi-story structure of reinforced
apartment buildings. concrete, wood or metal, with
a t-shaped cross section
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Precast Beam & Girders

RECTANGULAR BEAM -is preferred because GIRDERS-A girder is a support beam


Flat surface provides enough contact area used in construction.[1] It is the main
to transfer loading between the members. horizontal support of a structure
which supports smaller beams

INVERTED TEE BEAM-One way to make a T-


beam more efficient structurally is to use an
inverted T-beam with a floor slab or bridge
deck joining the tops of the beams

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PRECAST UNITS

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PRECAST STAIRS

Steel plates supported on 2 steel


Precast concrete Stairs
beams
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Design considerations
Final position and loads
Transportation requirements self load and
position during transportation
Storing requirements self load and position
during storing (avoid or store in the same position
as it transported / built in)
Lifting loads distribution of lifting points
optimal way of lifting (selection of lifting and rigging
tools)
Vulnerable points (e.g. edges) reduction of risk
(e.g. rounded edges)

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Types of pre cast system

1. Large-panel systems
2. Frame systems
3. Slab-column systems with walls
4. Mixed systems

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1. Large-panel systems
box-like structure.
both vertical and horizontal
elements are load-bearing.
one-story high wall panels
(cross-wall system /
longitudinal wall system / two
way system).
one-way or two way slabs.

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2. Frame systems

Components are usually


linear elements.
The beams are seated on
corbels of the pillars usually
with hinged-joints (rigid
connection is also an
option).
Joints are filled with
concrete at the site.

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3.Lift-slab systems
- partially precast in plant (pillars)
/ partially precast on-site (slabs).
- one or more storey high pillars
(max 5).
- up to 30 storey high
constructions.
- special designed joints and
temporary joints.
-slabs are casted on the ground
(one on top of the other) then
lifted with crane or special
elevators.

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Lift-slab procedure

1. pillars and the first package (e.g. 5 pieces) of slabs prepared at


ground level
2. lifting boxes are mounted on the pillars + a single slab lifted to
the first floor level
3-8. boxes are sequentially raised to higher positions to enable the
slabs to be lifted to their required
final position - slabs are held in a relative (temporary) positions by
a pinning system
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Equipments
cranes:
mobile crane
tower crane (above
3stories)

lifting tools:
spreader beams
wire rope slings

rigging tools:
eye bolt
shakles
hooks
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Assembling.
Column to column connection

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Beam to column connection

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Advantages

Quick erection times


Possibility of conversion, disassembling
and moving to another site
Possibility of erection in areas where a traditional
construction practice is not possible or difficult
Low labor intensivity
Reduce wastage of materials
Easier management of construction sites
Better overall construction quality
Ideal fit for simple and complex structures
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Limitations

size of the units.


location of window openings has a limited variety.
joint details are predefined.
site access and storage capacity.
require high quality control.
enable interaction between design phase and production planning.
difficult to handling & transporting.

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Conclusion
oThe use of prefabrication and preassembly is estimated
to have almost doubled in the last 15 years, increasing by
86%.
oThe use of precast concrete construction can significantly
reduce the amount of construction waste generated on
construction sites.
o Reduce adverse environmental impact on sites.
o Enhance quality control of concreting work.
o Reduce the amount of site labour.
o Increase worker safety .
o Other impediments to prefabrication and preassembly
are increased transportation difficulties, greater
inflexibility, and more advanced procurement
requirements.
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References
[1] Sznyi L.: Construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings,
2011
[2] Benett, D.: Concrete Elegance 2004. Concrete Centre, 2005
[3] Precast Concrete Structures. www.paradigm.in 2012.10.10
[4] S. Brzev, T. Guevara-Perez: Precast Concrete Construction.
http://business.management6.com/PRECAST-CONCRETE-
CONSTRUCTION-pdfe13174.

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