Thrust systems

Terminology
rules
ramps-flats
linked systems
duplexes
restoration
Some basic concepts
 Hanging-wall

Footwall
Fault offsets - the jargon

throw

displacement

heave
 Stratigraphy repeated (Urgonian on Urgonian)

Bauges massif, French Subalps

Glarus THRUST Carries older rocks onto younger.
Glencoul thrust, NW Scotland
 Terminology
rules
ramps-flats
linked systems
duplexes
restoration
Some basic concepts
Notice that beds form specific
angular relationships with the thrust
 Exercise 1:
understanding
linked systems
Emergent thrust: front of Himalayas, Salt range, Pakistan.
 Terminology
rules
ramps-flats
linked systems
duplexes
restoration
Some basic concepts
Duplex structure, NW Scotland
New thrusts form progressively into the footwall

Higher thrusts are folded by lower ones

Piggy-back sequence
Duplex will develop in footwall by
progressive collapse of ramp
next slip surface
displaces
and so it continues...
 Result..
A well-ordered geometry

Predictive elements

along floor thrust

along roof thrust
floor thrust glides in same unit
 except at
leading edge
gliding..
Roof thrust glides
on same footwall unit
 except here where
it climbs original ramp

Predictive geometries. roof and floor

Exercise 2:
Duplexes
on maps
Foinaven
Foinaven duplex
Henry Cadells field notes 1884.
NW SE
Older thrusts are back-steepened by underlying thrusts
Roof thrusts are folded by underlying imbricates

PIGGY-BACK THRUSTING
Dundonnel structure: Peach et al. 1907
imbricate thrusts
Ben Peach notebook sketches 1884

Are these models viable?

Exercise:
restore the structure
Overstep geometry -
BREAK-BACK THRUST SEQUENCE
 Terminology
rules
ramps-flats
linked systems
duplexes
restoration
Some basic concepts