Conditionals

Do Now: Complete the following

superstitions with complete sentences
If you find a penny

If you break a mirror

If you walk under a ladder

If you swallow watermelon seeds

Zero Conditional
Uses: Use the zero conditional to talk
about scientific facts, constant laws of
nature, unchangeable rules, customs
and personal routines.
Formula: present simple, present
simple
Positive Example: If/When it is lunch
time in London, it is breakfast time in
New York.
Negative Example: If/When it is not
below zero degrees Celsius, it is not
snowing.
Notes: Either if or when can be used
in the if-clause.
First Conditional
Uses: Use the first conditional to talk
about probable/possible conditions in
the future, or for threats or warnings
involving direct action.
Formula: present simple, future
Positive Example: If it rains
tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella.
Negative Example: If you dont like
a food, dont eat it.
Notes: You can use an imperative in
the main clause
You can use the present continuous or
present perfect instead of the present
simple.
 If there is a zombie attack, they will shut down
the school.
If they shut down the school, I wont get to go
to class.
If I dont get to go to class, I will join the army.
If I join the army, I will fight against the
zombies.
If I fight against the zombies, I will become a
war hero.
 Do Now:
Finish each of these sentences.
When you arrive late to school
you have to go to the office.
If it doesnt stop raining before CAS
we will play volleyball inside.
If Moni were taller
she would ride on the rollercoaster.
If it hadnt been so cold yesterday
I would have gone to the game.
Second Conditional
Uses: Use the second conditional
to talk about unreal or hypothetical Uses: Use the third conditional to
situations in the present or
improbable events in the future.
Formula: past simple, would /
wouldnt + infinitive
Positive Example: If I met Obama,
I would ask for his autograph.
Negative Example: If I didnt have
a small house, I would invite you
all to a party.
Notes: You can use the past
continuous instead of the past
simple.
Instead of would, you can use
could or might.
Third Conditional
talk about past events that are
untrue.
Formula: past perfect, would have
/ wouldnt have + past participle
Positive Example: If you had paid
attention, you would have known
what to do.
Negative Example: If they had not
been looking the other way, they
would have seen the sign.
Notes: You can use the past perfect
continuous instead of the past
perfect.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses

If she had studied, she ____

(pass) the exam.

If she had studied, she would

have passed the exam.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
If I hadn't eaten so much, I ____
(feel) sick last night.

If I hadn't eaten so much,

I wouldnt have felt sick last night.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
She wouldn't have been tired if
she ____ (go) to bed earlier.

She wouldnt have been tired if

she had gone to bed earlier.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
She _____ (become) a teacher if
she had gone to university.

She would have become a

teacher if she had gone to
university.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
He would have been on time for
the interview if he _____
(leave) the house at nine.

He would have been on time for the

interview if he had left the house at
nine.
 Mixed Conditionals
When we talk about mixed
conditionals, we are referring to
conditional sentences that combine
two different types of conditional
patterns.
 Mixed 3/2 Conditional
3rd conditional in the if-clause followed by
a 2nd conditional in the main clause

If Clause (3rd) Main Clause (2nd)

If + had/hadnt + Would/wouldnt +
past participle infinitive

Example:
If he had taken the medication as
prescribed, he wouldn't still be sick in
bed.
 Mixed 3/2 Conditional

With this combination we are

describing what the outcome would
be in the present, if things had
happened differently in the past.
the opposite of what actually happened

Example: If she had taken reasonable

precautions, she wouldn't be pregnant now.
Hypothetical present outcome
 What is the difference between the third
conditional and the mixed conditional?

3rd Conditional Mixed Conditional

Describes what the
outcome would have been
in the past, if things had
happened differently in the
past.
Example: If Vika hadnt
given birth to a unicorn, she
wouldnt have gone to the
hospital last night.
Describes what the
outcome would be in the
present, if things had
happened differently in the
past.
Example: If Vika hadnt
given birth to a unicorn,
she wouldnt be a mother
today.
 Mixed 3/2 Conditional

2nd conditional in the if-clause followed by

a 3rd conditional in the main clause
If clause (2nd) Main Clause (3rd)
If + simple past Would/wouldnt + have +
past participle

Example: If you werent so scary, you

wouldnt have made the baby cry.
 Mixed 2/3 Conditional

With this combination we are

describing ongoing circumstances or
characteristics in relation to a past
event.
ongoing characteristic

Example: If you weren't such a poor dancer,

you would've got a job in the chorus line in
that musical.
past event
 Mixed Conditional Practice
If you weren't so blind to his faults, you
____________________that he was out
to swindle you. (realize)

If you weren't so blind to his faults, you

would've realized that he was out to
swindle you.
 Mixed Conditional Practice
If he hadn't run after the car thief and
suffered a heart attack, he
____________________ (die).

If he hadn't run after the car thief and

suffered a heart attack, he wouldn't have died.
 Mixed Conditional Practice
She wouldnt need a visa to work here if she
__________________ (be) born in Europe.

She wouldnt need a visa to work here if she

had been born in Europe.
 Mixed Conditional Practice
Sam would have translated the letter for you if
he ______________ (speak) Russian.

Sam would have translated the letter for you if

he spoke Russian.
 Do Now
Directions: Complete the following sentences
using either the 3/2 or 2/3 mixed conditional.
1. If he hadnt lost his mind.

2. You would have got the girl.

3. Perry would be a millioinaire.

4. If she werent so spoiled.