PRESENTATION

ON
Construction of Pile Foundation for Reclaimer

National Aluminium Company Limited

Presented By:-
Hanuman Prasad Meena
GET(Civil)
P.No. 09789
 TABLE OF CONTENT
1) Introduction
2) pile foundation
3) Borehole for pile foundation
4) reinforcement and Concreting for pile foundation
5) Failure of pile foundation
6) New borehole data
7) Pile test
8) Conclusion
 FOUNDATION LOADS
Dead Load
Live Load
Wind Load
Horizontal force
Vertical load
Uplift
Earthquake(Seismic force)
 PILE FOUNDATION

Pile foundation is a foundation

that the structure load is transfer
to the sub soil stratum through
bearing (at the tip of pile) and
Bottom soil
friction (along the length of pile).
 WHY PILE FOUNDATION IS NECESSAARY

Pile foundation are adopted generally in the following

situation :
1) When soil has low Bearing Capacity
2) Heavy loads from the super structure
3) To prevent uplift forces
4) To reduce excessive settlement
 CLASSIFICATION OF PILE
1) Based on Materials : Timber,Steel,Concrete,Composite
2) Based on c/s area : Circular,Square,H,Rectangular etc
3) Based on size : micro pile(dia<150mm)
: small dia pile (dia:150<d<600mm)
: large dia pile (dia>600mm)
4) Based on load transfer mechanism: End bearing pile
: Friction bearing pile
: Bearing cum Friction pile
LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
 BORING HOLE

The different types of boring methods are:

1)Chisel and Bailer method
2)Direct Mud Circulation
3)Auger boring
4)Rotary drilling
PROCEDURE FOR BORING HOLE (IS CODE: 2911)
1)After the point for boring operation is set out by the surveyer the
tripod is placed such that each side legs are at least 1.5m away from
the point, keeping the centre of borehole exactly in the center .
2)The bailer is then attached with the rope and the boring operation is
initiated.
3)After bailer reaches its full length into the soil, the guide casing is
inserted into the hole for further operations.
Insertion of guide casing: To prevent side collapse and caving in, a
guide casing of 550mm dia and of 5m length is placed on the top of
the bore hole and hammered by the bailer to insert it into the soil.
This will be withdrawn after concrete is over.
4)Once the guide casing is placed ,the boring is started with chisel
5)The chisel has 4 nozzle from where water jet is forced on the soil
layer as the boring progresses. DMC rods are added one after
another as the depth increases.
6)The whole system is pulled up by the pully with the help of the winch
system and then left to fall free, so that the chisel at the bottom cuts
the soil and boring progresses.
7)The loose soil produced by boring, mixes with water and comes up
and is stored in the wash vat ,where the soil gets precipitated and
the water is again usable
REINFORCEMENT FOR PILE FOUNDATION

After the boring is complete up to the desired depth ,then the

steel reinforcement cage is inserted and welded where ever
there
 MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE(IS CODE :10262-2009)

Mix design for M-25 grade concrete of 1 cubic meter volume

1) water-cement ratio : .45
2) cement content : 400kg
(minimum cement content for M-25 concrete according to
IS:456-2000 is 370kg)
3) water : 180 litre
4) weight of coarse aggregate : 1279kg
5) weight of fine aggregate : 645kg
6) Admixture : sikament (superplsticizer)
 SIKAMENT (SUPERPLASTICIZER ADMIXTURE)

consumption/dosage : 0.5% to 2.0% by weight of cement

(according to IS code : 9103-1999)
Advantage
1) high water reduction
2) provide higher strength and density
3) improve durability and water tightness
4) improve cohesion properties
5) improved surface finish
 CONCRETING OF PILE FOUNDATION
*The borehole is washed with the Bentonite slurry and the tremie
pipes are inserted one by one .The transit mixer arrives and the
hopper is attached on top of the tremie pipe.
*The transit mixture puts concrete into the hopper and the valve
opens. The tremie pipe is gradually filled with concrete which is
compacted by gradual vibration of tremie pipe.
*As the concrete fills the hole from bottom ,bentonite slurry comes
out from the hole.The tremie pipes are detached one by one and
thus the hole gets filled completely.
CONCRETING OF PILE BY TREMIE PIPE METHOD

Figure for concreting by tremie pipe

 CAUSES OF FAILURE OF PILES

1) Load on the pile is more than the design load

2) Displacement of reinforcement during casting
3) Bearing pile resting on a soft strata
4) Improper classification of soil
5) Insufficient reinforcement in the pile
6) due to Negative Skin Friction
 NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION

Negative skin friction is a phenomenon occurs when a soil layer

surrounding a portion of the pile settle more than the pile .
It acts downwards and decrease the load carrying capacity of the pile .
The following are some of the causes of negative skin friction:
1) due to placement of a fill on compressible
soil layer causing the layer to consolidate.
2) Lowering of the ground water table
causing the shrinkage of expansive soil.
DISPLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT DURING CASTING
 SPT VALUE VS DEPTH CURVE(IS CODE:2131)
120

100

80
BH 1
60 BH 2
BH 3
40
BH 4
20

0
depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth depth
4 8 12 16 20 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
HIGH STRAIN DYNAMIC PILE TEST(ASTM D4945-2000)
The testing is conducted by fixing strain sensor and accelerometer to the
sides of the pile at a depth of at least 1.5 times pile diameter from top of
pile and them connecting to the PDA and analyzing records of force and
velocity graph under drop weight impacts.
The output from the test result can be summarized as below:
1)Static capacity of pile at the time of testing
2)total skin friction and end bearing of the pile
3)skin friction distribution along the length of the pile
4)compressive and tensile stresses development in the pile during testing
5)settlement of pile
6)pile integrity
 CONCLUSION
DAYS
70

60

50 test result and further action plan

40 piling work

30 rail beam casting

20
rail fixing,level check and
alignment
10

0
affected area unloaded area balance area