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CONTOH SOAL

Using Bells method, calculate the shell-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for the
exchanger design to sub-cool condensate from a methanol condenser from 950C to 400C. Flow-rate of
methanol 100,000 kg/h. brackish water will be used as the coolant, with a temperature rise from 250 to
400C. Because coolant is corrosive, so assign to tube side.

Heat capacity methanol = 2.84 kJ/kg0C


Heat load = (100,000/3600)[2.84(95-40)] = 4340 kW
Heat capacity water = 4.2 kJ/kg 0C
Cooling water flow = 4340/4.2(40-25) = 68.9 kg/s
Tlm = 31 0C

Summary of tube design


Number of tubes = 918
Shell i.d. = 894 mm
Bundle diameter = 826 mm
Tube o.d = 20 mm
pitch 1.25 = 25 mm
Tube length = 4830 mm
Baffle pitch = 356 mm
Solution

Heat-transfer coefficient
Ideal bank coefficient, hoc
25 20
As 894 356 10 6 0.062m 2
25
100,000 1
Gs 448kg / s m 2
3600 0.062
Gs d o 448 20 10 3
Re 26,353
0.34 10 3
From Fig. Heat transfer factor for cross-flow tube banks, jh = 5.3 x 10-5
Neglect viscosity correction factor (/w).
0.19 3
hoc 2272W / m 2 0C
1

3
5.3 10 26,353 5.1 3

20 10
Tube row correction factor, Fn
Tube vertical pitch pt = 0.87 x 25 = 21.8 mm
Baffle cut height Hc = 0.25 x 894 = 224 mm
Height between baffle tips = 894 2 x 224 = 446 mm
446
N cv 20
21.8
From Fig. Tube row correction factor, Fn = 1.03
Window correction factor, Fw

224 mm
190 mm

446 mm

826
Hb 894(0.5 0.25) 190mm
2
190
" Bundle cut " 0.23(23 per cent )
826
From Fig. Baffle geometrical factors at cut of 0.23
Ra = 0.18
Tube in one window area, Nw = 918 x 0.18 = 165
Tube in cross-flow area, Nc = 918 2 x 165 = 588
2 165
Rw 0.36
918

From Fig. Window correction factor, Fw = 1.02


Bypass correction, Fb
Ab (894 826)356 10 6 0.024m 2
0.024
Ab / As 0.39
0.062
Fb exp[ 1.35 0.39] 0.59
Very low, sealing strips needed; try one strip for each five vertical rows.
Ns/Ncv = 1/5
Fb = exp[-1.35 x 0.39(1-(2/5)1/3] = 0.87
Leakage correction, FL
Using clearances as specified in the Standards,
Tube-to-baffle 1/32 in = 0.8 mm
Baffle-to-shell 3/16 in = 4.8 mm
0.8
Atb 20 (918 165) 18.9 103 mm2 0.019m 2
2
From Fig. baffle geometrical factors, 25 per cent cut (0.25), b = 2.1 rads
4.8
Asb 894(2 2.1) 8.98 103 mm2 0.009m 2
2
AL (0.019 0.009) 0.028m 2
0.028
AL / As 0.45
0.062
From Fig. Coefficient for FL, heat transferL = 0.3
FL = 1 0.3[(0.019 + 2 x 0.009)/0.028] = 0.60
Shell-side coefficient

hs 2272 1.03 1.02 0.87 0.60 1246 W/m 2 0 C


Appreciably lower than that predicted by Kerns method (compare this value with the previous example)

Pressure drop
Cross-flow zone
From fig. friction factor for cross-flow tube banks at Re = 26,353 dor 1.25 pitch, jf = 5.6x10-2
Gs 448
us 0.60 m/s
750

Neglecting viscosity term (/w).


2 750 0.6 2
Pi 8 5.6 10 20 1209.6 N / m 2
2
( 4.0)
F 'b exp[ 4.0 0.39(1 (2 / 5)1/ 3 )] 0.66

From Fig. Coefficient for FL, pressure drop L = 0.52


FL = 1 0.52[(0.019 + 2 x 0.009)/0.028] = 0.31
Pc = 1209.6 x 0.66 x 0.31 = 248 N/m2
Window zone
From Fig. baffle geometrical factors, for baffle cut 25 per cent (0.25), Ra = 0.19

Aw 894 2 0.19 165 20 2 67.4 103 mm2
4 4
100,000 1 1
uw 0.55m / s
3600 750 0.067
u s u wu s 0.57m / s
190
N wv 8
21.8
750 0.57 2
Pw 0.31(2 0.6 8) 257 N / m 2
2
End zone
Pe 1209.6[(8 20) / 20]0.66 1118 N / m 2
Total pressure drop
4830
Number of baffles N b 1 12
356
Ps 2 1118 248(12 1) 12 257 8048 N / m 2 8.05kPa(1.2 psi )

This is for the exchanger in the clean condition. Using the factors given in Table Ratio of Fouled to Clean
Pressure Drop to estimate the pressure drop in the fouled condition.
Ps 1.4 8.05 11.3kPa

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