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Source:https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/oxygen-requirements-for-microbial-growth/
Oxygen Requirement of Bacteria
Obligate Aerobe
Require O2 as their final electron acceptor (cellular respiration)
Live in atmospheric oxygen level (20%)
Microaerophiles
Also require O2 as their final electron acceptor
Can only live in environments with only 2-10% atmospheric oxygen
level
Facultative Anaerobe
Use O2 as their final electron acceptor in aerobic environments
Can also use alternate electron acceptors in anaerobic environments
Thrive better in aerobic environments
Oxygen Requirement of Bacteria
Aerotolerant Anaerobe
Never use O2 as their final electron acceptor
Presence of oxygen does not affect their growth
Fermentation of organic substrates
May grow in both aerobic and anaerobic environments
Strict Anaerobe
Never use O2 as their final electron acceptor
Harmed by molecular oxygen
Can only live in anaerobic environment
Exercise 8: Objective & Expected Outcomes
describe the principles of catalase and oxidase tests in relation to the oxygen
requirement of bacteria
Procedures
Components Quantity
Resazurin 0.001 g
Agar 7.5 g
Cysteine 0.5 g
Yeast extract 5g
Casitone 15 g
Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM)
Resazurin
Agar
pH
Neutral
A. Growth in Anaerobic Agar
Source:https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/oxygen-requirements-for-microbial-growth/
Results
Deposit bacterial
+ 1-2 drops of Observe for
growth on a
3% H2O2 bubble formation
clean glass slide
B. Catalase Test
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/oxygen-requirements-for-microbial-growth/
Results
Catalase- Catalase-
positive negative
Facultative Obligate aerobe
anaerobe
Escherichia Lactobacillus
coli bulgaricus
Procedures
Cytochrome System
Source: http://www.biology-online.org/1/3_respiration.htm
C. Oxidase Test
Cytochrome System
Source: http://osp.mans.edu.eg/medbiochem_mi/cources/biochemistry/2nd_year_medicine/Biological_Oxidation/files/Lecture_03.htm
C. Oxidase Test
cyt. C oxidase
2 reduced cyt. C + 2H+ + O2 2 oxidized cyt. C + H2O
oxidized cyt. C + TMPD Wursters blue or Indophenol
C. Oxidase Test
Observe for
Moisten sterile Deposit a colony formation of blue
filter paper with on the filter violet color within
oxidase reagent paper 1 min
C. Oxidase Test
Source: https://microbiologyinpictures.com/bacteria-photos/staphylococcus-epidermidis-photos/staphylococcus-oxidase-test.html/
Results
Oxidase-negative Oxidase-positive
(OX-) (OX+)
Facultative anaerobe Obligate aerobe
Enterobacteriaceae
family
Escherichia Pseudomonas
coli fluorescens
Can the presence of specific type of
enzyme that detoxify reactive
oxygen species distinguish bacteria?
Yes, it can.
Distinguishing Bacteria
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/oxygen-
requirements-for-microbial-growth/
https://www.biotecharticles.com/Biology-Article/Oxygen-Requirements-of-
Different-Bacteria-952.html
http://iws2.collin.edu/dcain/CCCCD%20Micro/catalase_test.htm
http://iws2.collin.edu/dcain/oxygenclass.htm
https://microbiologyinfo.com/oxidase-test-principle-uses-procedure-types-
result-interpretation-examples-and-limitations/