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Forces on a Particle
Line of Action
magnitude
Point of Application
A 30o
direction
Since the vector has a well defined point of application, it is a
fixed vector, therefore can not be moved without modifications
P+Q+S=(P+Q)+S=P+(Q+S)
5.12.2017 Dr. Engin Akta 3
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
A P
Q
Q A
S
S
Q F
A
P
180-25=155o Q
25o
R
a
o
P B
A 20
Law of cosines R2=P2+Q2-2PQcosB
R2=(40N)2+(60N)2-2(40N)(60N)cos1550 R=97.73 N
sin A sin B Q sin B 60N sin 155
Law of sines
sin A
Q R R 97.73N
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IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
Example (cntd.)
A=15.04o a=20o+A=35.04o
C
Using law of sines
T1 T2 25kN
R=25 kN sin 45 sin 30 sin 105
o
o 30
45
105o 25kN sin 45
T2 T1 T1 18.30 kN
sin 105
25kN sin 30
T2 12.94 kN
sin 105
5.12.2017 Dr. Engin Akta 8
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
Rectangular Components
y
F
Fy
q
x
Fx
Unit Vectors
y
Magnitude=1 F
Fy=Fyj
j
x
Fx=Fxi
i
y Fx Fx
Fy=7.5 kN
7.5kN
F q tan 1
65.0
3.5kN
q
x
Fy
7.5kN
A F 8.28kN
Fx=3.5 kN sin q sin 65.0
F3=110 N
-(F4 sin 15o)
Example (cntd)
R=Rxi+Ryj
R=(199.1N)i+(14.30N)j
Ry=14.30 N R
a
Rx=199.1 N
Ry 14.30 N
a tan 1
tan 1
4.10
Rx 199.1N
Equilibrium of a Particle
When the resultant of all the forces acting on a particle is
zero, the particle is in equilibrium.
y F1=300 N
F4=400 N
30o F2=173.2 N
F4=400 N
A F1=300 N
x
F2=173.2 N F3=200 N
F3=200 N 30o R=SF=0
(SFx)i+ (SFy)j=0
SFx=0 SFy=0
Free-Body Diagram
A sketch showing the physical conditions of the problem is known as space
diagram.
B
C
50o A 30o
Space Diagram
Analytical Solution
Two unknowns TAB and TAC
Equilibrium Equations
SFx=0 and SFy=0
The system of equations then
Fx 0 TAB cos 50 TAC cos 30 0
Fy 0 TAB sin 50 TAC sin 30 736 N 0
TAC=480 N
Example (cntd.)
R=TAB+TAC+TAE+FD=0
TAC=213 N
FD=100 N
z y
j
k V
Forces
in
Vyj qy
Vzk
Space
qz
qx
x
Vxi i
V=Vxi+Vyj+Vzk
Vx=V cos qx Vy=V cos qy Vz=V cos qz
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IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
Direction cosines
l = cos qx m = cos qy n = cos qz
V 2=Vx2+Vy2+Vz2
l 2 + m 2 + n 2=1
V
A(xA, yA, zA) n
V= (xB-xA) i + (yB-yA) j + (zB-zA) k
x
V
Unit vector along AB n
V
B B
A
Fy qy Fy
F
Fx
O x O x
f D
Fh f Fz Fh
C E C
Fy=F cosqy Fx = Fh cosf = F sinqy cosf
z z
Fh=F sinqy Fz = Fh sinf = F sinqy sinf
F F F F
x
2
y
2
z
2
Problems
y
Problem 1-(Meriam and Kraige)
F=1800 N
4 The 1800 N force F is applied at the end of the
A I-beam. Express F as a vector using the unit
3
vectors i and j.
x
F = Fx i+ Fy j = -1080 i -1440 j N
tan q = 50/5
q
C q = tan-110 =84.3o
D=5 N
F = (502+52)0.50 = 50.2 N
x
C
W=1600*9.81=15700N
TCB=6370 N
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IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
y Problem 6-(Beer and Johnston)
A precast-concrete wall section is temporarily held by
C
the cables shown. Knowing that tension is 4200 N in
cable AB and 6000 N in cable AC, determine the
4m magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
x exerted by cables AB and AC on stake A.
D Coordinates of points A, B and C
B A (8, -4, -5.5) B (0, 0, 0) C (0, 0, -13.5)
A
AB=(0-8) i + (0-(-4)) j + (0-(-5.5)) k = -8 i + 4 j + 5.5 k
z 5.5 m
AB 8 42 5.52 10.50
2
8m
8i 4 j 5.5k
n AB 0.762i 0.381j 0.524k
10.50
FAB 4200 0.762i 0.381j 0.524k N
AC=(0-8) i + (0-(-4)) j + (-13.5-(-5.5)) k = -8 i + 4 j - 8 k
AC 8 4
2
8 12.00
2 2
FAC 6000 0.667i 0.333j 0.667k N
8i 4 j 8k
n AC 0.667i 0.333j 0.667k
12.00
5.12.2017 Dr. Engin Akta 31
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Architecture AR231 Fall12/13
y Problem 6-(Beer and Johnston)
A precast-concrete wall section is temporarily held by
C
the cables shown. Knowing that tension is 4200 N in
cable AB and 6000 N in cable AC, determine the
4m magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
x exerted by cables AB and AC on stake A.
D
B FAB 4200 0.762i 0.381j 0.524k N
FAC 6000 0.667i 0.333j 0.667k N
A
z 5.5 m
8m R = FAB + FAC
R = 8250 N
y
Direction cosines
650 mm B x
z 1125
A mm
W
Unknowns : FAD, FAC and W
Coordinates of points A, B, C and D
A crate is supported by A (0, -1125, 0) B (700, 0, 0) C (0, 0, -600) D (-650, 0,450)
three cables as shown. AB=((700-0)i+(0-(-1125))j+0k=700i+1125j+0k
Determine the weight W
AB=(7002+11252)0.5=1325
of the crate knowing that
the tension in cable AB is nAB=(700i+1125j+0k)/1325=0.5283i+0.8491j
4620 N.
FAB=4620(0.5283i+0.8491j) N
650 mm B x AC=(6002+11252)0.5=1275
z 1125 nAC=(0i+1125j-600k)/1275=0.8824j-0.4706k
A mm
FAC=FAC(0.8824j-0.4706k) N
AD=((-650-0)i+(0-(-1125))j+(450-0)k=-650i+1125j+450k
AD=(6502+11252 +4502)0.5=1375
nAD=(-650i+1125j+450k)/1375= -0.4727i+0.8182j+0.3273k
FAD=FAD(-0.4727i+0.8182j+0.3273k) N
W=-W j
C 700 mm
450 mm
O
D 600 mm
650 mm B x FAB+FAC+FAD+W=0
z 1125
A mm
3922+3170+4225-W = 0 W= 11320 N
D
600 mm
C
200 mm
A
x
200 mm
B
200 mm 400 mm
z
A 16 kg triangular plate is
supported by three wires
as shown. Determine the
tension in each wire .