Controller Based Irrigation

System

Presented By:-
BT4060195
BT4060199
BT4060208
BT4060209
B.Tech (ECE)

4th Year
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

COMPARATOR

MICROCONTROLLER

CONTROL UNIT

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump
motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of
proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce
human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.

The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller which is programmed to receive the input
signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is
achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing
arrangement and the microcontroller.

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil.

It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and
vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.
irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against
frost
 TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS

Surface Irrigation

Drip Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation
 PROBLEMS
OverIrrigation.

UnderIrrigation

Farm Lands & Fields situated miles away from your home. Extensive
travel required, sometimes several times in a day to start & stop the
irrigation water pumps.

Land is more, we need more manpower.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
 MOISTURE SENSOR
For conversion of change in resistance to change in voltage, the sensor is
connected with a 200 k resistor in series to form a potential divider
Arrangement
It gives a voltage output corresponding to the conductivity of the soil. The
conductivity of soil varies depending upon the amount of moisture present in
it. It increases with increase in the water content of the soil. The higher the
water content in the soil, the lower the electrical resistance.
The voltage output is taken from the output terminal of this circuit. The
moisture sensor is immersed into the specimen soil whose moisture content is
under test.
 COMPARATOR
For the comparator circuit, we are using IC LM 358 which has two opamps.

We have selected two thresholds: 5 V for logic high and 3 V for logic low.
These two levels are set at the positive terminal of each opamp.The output of the
potential divider is given to the negative terminals of the opamps.

The two opamps are arranged such that when the output of the potential
divider circuit falls below the preset value of lower opamp the lower opamp gives
logic 0 and the upper opamp gives logic 1.

When the output of potential divider circuit is in between range (5 V and 3V),
then both opamps give logic 1 and when output of potential divider circuit is
above the set value of upper opamp, then the upper opamp gives logic 0 and
lower opamp gives logic 1.

The output of the comparator circuit is fed to SR Latch

 SR LATCH

S.NO VOLTAGE SOIL S R Q

RANGE CONDITION

1 >5V EXCESS 1 o 0
WET
2 >3V &<5V OPTIMUM 1 1 0
1 1 1
3 <3V DRY 0 1 1
 89s52-CONTROLLER

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory.

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz.
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
Eight Interrupt Sources.
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel.
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode.
Watchdog Timer.
Power-off Flag.
Fast Programming Time
 CONTROL UNIT

The basic operation of control unit is the

controlling solenoid by microcontroller which is
defined by particular program.

solenoid is connected with an output pin of

microcontroller via a relay circuit which is
connected with a transistor.
 SOLENOID

Electromagnetic device which produces a magnetic field when electric

current passed through it.

These are used mainly in opening and closing of valves.

Operation of valves is done using a relay circuit

 RELAY CIRCUIT

A relay is an electrical switch

that uses an electromagnet to
move the switch from the off
to on position instead of a
person moving the switch .
 ADVANTAGES
This makes increase in productivity

Reduces water consumption

Reduces manpower

Much land will be irrigated

 CONCLUSION

The Microcontroller based drip irrigation system proves to be a real

time feedback control system which monitors and controls all the
activities of drip irrigation system efficiently. The present proposal is
a model to modernize the agriculture industries at a mass scale with
optimum expenditure. Using this system, one can save manpower,
water to improve production and ultimately profit.