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Principles of Technology
Example:
Cold honey is thick with
a high viscosity
Hot honey is watery with
a low viscosity Pg. 188 Chapter 4
Motor Oil Viscosity
SAE Society of
Automotive Engineers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4zd4Qpsbs8
Stokes Law
IN 1845, the Irish
mathematician and physicist
George Stokes used viscosity
and the equations of fluid
flow to predict the drag force
on a sphere moving through a
fluid.
It applies to objects moving at
low enough speeds that the
flow of fluids around the
objects is streamlined, or
laminar.
In these cases, there is no
turbulence and the only drag
force on the objects is due to
frictional drag.
Stokes Law continued..
The drag force acts in the
direction opposite the
objects velocity (it
opposes motion).
The drag force equals the
product of a constant (6
for a sphere), the radius r
of the object, the speed v
of the object (or the
relative speed between
the object and fluid), and
the fluids viscosity :
Terminal Speed
When an object moves through a fluid, the drag force
on the object increases as the speed increases.
Drop a baseball from a high tower
at first it has a low speed and a low
drag
The force of gravity acting
downward is greater then the drag
force acting upward.
Therefore, a net force acts
downward on the baseball and it
accelerates downward.
As the speed increases the drag
increases, until the upward drag = The terminal speed of a falling object
is the constant speed that occurs
the weight.
when the drag force equals the
At this point the forces are balanced gravitational force.
and no longer accelerates.
Terminal Speed continued..
The terminal speed of a baseball is about 40 m/s, but the
terminal speed of a basketball is only about 20 m/s.
Which ball has a greater drag force at any given speed?
Skydiver VS. Peregrine Falcon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ukf2vntU44
Poiseuilles Law
Poiseuilles law gives the
volume flow rate of a
fluid flowing through a
tube or pipe.
= the change in
pressure of the
fluid as it flows Is negative
the length L therefore V is
positive
Factors Affecting Flow Through a Pipe
Fluid resistance
decreases as pipe
radius and cross-
section area
increase
Larger pipe =
greater volume of
fluid per second
Larger pipe also has
a lower resistance
to flow
Factors Affecting Flow Through a Pipe
Dependence on Length
Longer pipes have
higher fluid
resistance
Show work
Homework
Finish EVEN problems