Normal & Dip Move Out

Presented: Jessica Alexis Julien

Normal Moveout:
The Effect
 Seismic Basics Acquisition
Common Midpoints Surface
S R R R R R R

When there is NO DIP, Midpoints are directly above

reflection points
Land Shot Record

Seismic
Reflections have a
hyperbolic shape
characteristic of
NMO
 Normal Moveout (NMO): The Process

Amplitude
Loading of Data Demultiplexing Geometry Editing
correction

NMO Correction
Velocity
Frequency Filter Deconvoloution CMP-Sorting / DMO
Analysis
Correction

Post-
Stacking Migration
Processing
What Is Seismic Processing Step
whereby reflection events
are flattened in a common
midpoint gather in
NMO? preparation for stacking
Why Do We Need NMO?
 Stacking

+ + =

STACKING = HIGHER SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO

Original
Applying NMO to Pre-Stack
Zero offset
Data
offset trace S S/R R NMO Trace

NMO
Applying NMO to Pre-Stack
Data
The shallower
the depth the
greater the
NMO stretch
T0 V1

V2

NMO Stretching

V1<V2
 Calculating NMO Stretch

Linear strain (%) = x 100

original length =T1 final length = T0

T0 T1
T0
T0 T0
V1

V1<V2
T1 T1
V2

T0 T1 100 (%)
NMO stretch = X

T1
T0 X 100 (%)
1

1
T
How can NMO Stretch be fixed ?

The solution is to apply a Mute to the

corrected gathers so that the reflections with an
UNACCEPTABLE degree of STRETCH are
NOT included in the summation.

Optionally, you can automatically mute any

data for which the NMO stretch exceeds a
given value.

For example, this figure has 25% stretch mute

applied to it after NMO.
Normal Moveout (NMO):
How is it calculated?
 = ()
Where T(x) is the two way
travel time at an offset where
(x 0).
Where is zero offset two
way travel time.

When the T-X curve is exactly NMO is therefore given by:

a hyperbola, for a single
horizontal layer with constant 2
velocity: (x)
The hyperbola is given by : 20 2
2
2
2 (x) = 0 + 2

Dip Moveout: The
Effect
 About DMO

DEVILISH
Dipping Event Velocity Inequality Licked
 DMO: The Effect
The difference in the arrival times or
travel times of a reflected wave,
measured by receiver at two different
offset locations, that is produced when
reflectors dip.
 Dip Moveout (DMO): The Process

Amplitude
Loading of Data Demultiplexing Geometry Editing
correction

NMO Correction
Velocity
Frequency Filter Deconvoloution CMP-Sorting / DMO
Analysis
Correction

Post-
Stacking Migration
Processing
Why Cant NMO be applied to dipping beds?

s s s R R R
S S/R S/R S/R S/R S/R S/R S/R S/R
Zero Offset Zero offset
NMO Trace DMO Traces

DMO

Time
Time
 Processing Sequence

Post-
NMO DMO Stacking Stacking
Migration
 NMO vs DMO
NMO DMO

One trace in, One trace out Processes all traces

Regular Shape Ray paths create an ellipse

Dependent on velocity Does not require velocity

More expensive Less expensive

THANKS!
Any questions?
 References
"NMO stretching." NMO stretching - SEG Wiki.
Accessed November 23, 2017.
https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/NMO_stretching.

"Dip moveout." Schlumberger. Accessed

November 23, 2017.
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/d/dip_
moveout.aspx.

Liner, Christopher L. Normal Moveout An Effect,

Process, April 1998.