REINFORCING

STEEL
PREPARED BY:
Harcy Jay Alianza
Kenosis Deo Baares
John Reymark Reevo
Elias Mahinay Jr.
Rebar(reinforcing steel bars) - is composed of
mild steel material with a yield strength of approximately 250
MPa (36 ksi) . Modern rebar is composed of high-yield steel,
with a yield strength more typically 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) . Rebar
can be supplied with various grades of ductility.
- good in resisting tensile strength.
 Grades of Reinforcing Steel:
ASTM POPULAR TYPICAL APPLICATION
NOMENCLATURE
GRADE 33 STRUCTURAL LOW RISE BUILDINGS AND
GRADE LOW LOADING CONDITIONS

GRADE 40 INTERMEDIATE MEDIUM-RISE STRUCTURES/

INFRASTRACTURE WORK
GRADE
GRADE 60 HIGH-TENSILE HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES/
INFRASTRACTURE
GRADE

Note: Higher tensile grades designated as Grade 75 and Grade

80 are also available subject to agreement and availability.
 Bar sizes and material strengths
Bar size Area Mass(kilogram Diameter
(mm^2) per meter) (mm)

#8 50.3 0.394 8
#10 78.5 0.616 10
#12 113.1 0.888 12

#16 201.1 1.578 16

#20 314.2 2.466 20

#25 490.9 3.853 25

#28 615.8 4.834 28

#32 804.3 6.313 32
#36 1017.9 7.990 36
#40 1256.6 9.865 40
#50 1963.5 15.413 50
 - According to PNS Grade 230(ASTM
Grade 33) is available from sizes #8 to #36.
- PNS Grade 275(ASTM Grade 40) ranges
from sizes #10 to #36.
- PNS Grade 415(ASTM Grade 60) ranges
from sizes #10 to #50. PNS Grade 415 is also
available marked with W which denotes
wieldable property.

Note: PNS- Philippine national standard

ASTM- American Society for Testing Materials
How does the grade of the rebar affects
a certain structure?

The ductility class will not influence your

calculations. However, you have to specify it. Ductility is
important in order your members and the whole structure
to have ductile (and not brittle) behaviour. Ductile
structures are also more economical. The ductility class
can influence the strength design.
 PNS GRADE 230/ ASTM GRADE
33(STRUCTURAL):
Minimum yield point- 230 MPa or 33, 358 psi
Minimum tensile- 390 MPa or 56, 564 psi

PNS GRADE 275/ ASTM GRADE

40(INTERMEDIATE):
Minimum yield point- 275 MPa or 39, 885 psi
Minimum tensile- 480 MPa or 69, 618 psi

PNS GRADE 415/ ASTM GRADE 60(HIGH-

TENSILE):
Minimum yield point- 415 MPa or 60, 190 psi
Minimum tensile- 620 MPa or 89, 923 psi
IDENTIFYING MARKS ON
REINFORCING BARS
An example of an actual reinforcing steel bar with markings
on it:
 Modulus of Elasticity

The modulus of elasticity of steel

is about 200 GPa or 29,000,000 psi.

Modulus of elasticity is defined as the ratio of

tensile stress to tensile strain.
Stress- Strain curves for Steel:
When a mild steel bar is
pulled in a testing machine, it stretches
a very small amount with each
increment of load. In the lighter
loadings, this stretch is directly
proportional to the amount of load
(view A). The amount is too small to
be visible and can be measured only
with sensitive gauges.
At some pull (known as the
yield point), such as 33,000 psi for
mild steel, the bar begins to neck down
(view B) and continues to stretch
perceptibly with no additional load.
What is the most commonly used type of Steel
in buildings?

Carbon Steel or Mild steel. It is incalculably strong

and durable, and ensures a sturdy built. Due to the strength that
carbon steel provides, it is hugely useful in buildings and has
proved to be of great advantage. It does not crack when bent, it
is immensely flexible, and it is ductile and has great plasticity,
along with the fact that it can endure calamities like
earthquakes without it causing cracks in the steel. This is the
most advantageous factor of carbon steel. A steel building is
hardly ever prone to collapse or destruct in any form. It can
withstand any sort of calamity and is strong enough to not
crack, in turn being able to save its occupants.
Residential Houses (ASTM GRADE 33-ASTM GRADE 40):
High-rise Buildings (ASTM GRADE 60>):
REINFORCING
STEEL BARS
USED AS A
FOUNDATION:
FOOTING
-is a foundation unit
constructed in brick
work, masonry or
concrete under the
base of a wall or a
column for the
purpose of
distributing the load
over a large area.
TYPES OF FOOTINGS AND
ITS STEEL FRAMEWORK:
 WALL FOOTING: ISOLATED FOOTING:
 STRAP FOOTING: COMBINED FOOTING:
(can be rectangular or
trapezoidal)
MAT FOOTING:
(for high rise buildings)
Load Transfer
COLUMNS AND ITS
STEEL
FRAMEWORK:
Rectangular column:
Circular columns:
Stirrups
-is a closed loop of
reinforcement bar that is
used to hold the main
reinforcement bars
together in an RC
structure. In a column,
the stirrups provide the
lateral support to the
main bars against
buckling.
GET READY FOR AN
EVALUATION
(10 ITEMS)
Q#1:
A construction material that is good at
resisting tensile strength is ______.
Q#2:
What is the color code for ASTM Grade 33?

Q#3:
What is the color code for ASTM Grade 40?

Q#4:
What is the color code for ASTM Grade 60?
Q#5:
PNS Grade 275(ASTM Grade 40) rebars ranges
from what sizes?
True or False:

Q#6:
The modulus of elasticity of steel is about 300 GPa.

Q#7:
From the markings on rebars, S means Carbon
Steel.

Q#8:
ASTM Grade 33 is for low rise buildings.
Q#9-10:
Name the two types of a columns steel
framework.
-------------------
Answers:
1. Rebars/ reinforcing steel bars
2. White
3. Yellow
4. Green
5. #10-#36
6. False
7. True
8. True
9-10. Rectangular and circular