CREATIVE SPEECH

Product of L2 rules

Permitting L2 learners to produce

entirely novel sentences

Strategies involved in acquiring creative

speech

Automatizing
Establishing
interlanguage
interlanguage rules
knowledge
 ESTABLISHING INTERLANGUAGE RULES
Overgeneralization
SIMPLIFICATION
Transfer
HYPOTHESIS FORMATION
Intralingual
INFERENCING
Extralingual

RECEPTIVE

PRODUCTIVE
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
METALINGUAL

INTERACTIONAL
 HYPOTHESIS FORMATION

Hypotheses about interlanguage rules are

formed in 3 ways:

1. Using prior linguistic knowledge

2. Inducing new rules from the input data

3. A combination of (1) and (2)

 SIMPLIFICATION
WHAT? Strategies of assimilation

WHY? Reducing learning burden

HOW?

TRANSFER OVERGENERALIZATION

Using L1 as a basis for Extending existing L2

forming hypotheses about L2 knowledge to new
interlanguage forms

e.g., transfer of Vietnamese word e.g., overgeneralization of forming

order into English past form for irregular verbs
 INFERENCING
WHAT? Inducing the rule from input
WHY? Reducing learning burden
HOW?

INTRALINGUAL EXTRALINGUAL
INFERENCING INFERENCING

Building up hypotheses by Building up hypotheses by

analyzing external L2 data observing situational contexts
 HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Hypotheses can be tested out in a number of ways:

Receptively comparing hypotheses with L2 data

making utterances containing the

Productively hypothesized rules check their
correctness in terms of feedbacks

Metalingually consulting teachers, natives, dictionaries

Interactionally eliciting a repair from interlocutor

 REJECTION
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
CONFIRMATION

MODIFICATION

CONSTANT REVISION
OF INTERLANGUAGE
RULES
AUTOMATIZING INTERLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE

Accumulate Consolidate
Practise L2
evidence hypothesis

FORMAL FUNCTIONAL
PRACTICE PRACTICE

Focus is on Focus is on
formal features of L2 communicative endeavour
 CREATIVE SPEECH
PROCESS STRATEGY
Hypothesis formation Simplification
(1) Overgeneralization
(2) Transfer
Inferencing
(1) Intralingual (via intake analysis)
(2) Extralingual

Hypothesis testing Receptive (via intake analysis)

Productive
Metalingual
Interactional

Automatization Formal practice

Functional practice

Process and strategies in creative language learning (Ellis, 1985, p. 174)