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Teen Pregnancy

Journal
You are 17 and find out
that you or your girlfriend
is pregnant. How would
you handle the situation?
Teen Pregnancy Pre-test
(True or False)
1. True 1. Teen mothers are twice as likely to die in
childbirth.
2. True 2. A child born to a teen mother is twice as likely to
die before the age of one.
3. True 3. Teen mothers are twice as likely not to finish high
school.
4. True 4. One-half of all welfare payments go to families
with teen mothers.
5. True 5. 20% of teen mothers are pregnant again before
two years.
6. True 6. 82% of girls who gave birth at age 15 or younger
were born to teen parents.
Teen Pregnancy Pre-test
(True or False)

7. True 7. Most teen pregnancies happen by mistake they


were not planned.
8. False 8. If a boy has already made plans for further
education after high school, he should not have
to worry about marrying a girl, even if she is
pregnant.
9. False 9. If a girl is pregnant, but the boy doesnt want her
to have the baby, he is not responsible for
supporting the child financially.
10. True 10. If the father wants custody and the mother
doesn't, the father gets custody, because it's his
baby.
Teen Pregnancy Pre-test
(True or False)

11. False 11. If a girl gets pregnant a guy does not need to
worry about it if he does not like the girl.
12. False 12. If a guy does not have a regular job, he will not
be responsible for child support.
13. False 13. If a couple breaks up after the girl is pregnant, the
guy has no responsibility for the child.
14. False 14. It's a girl's fault if she gets pregnant. It's not the
guy's problem.
15. True 15. The divorce rate is greater for couples with a pre-
marital pregnancy than for those who conceive
after marriage.
Teen Pregnancy
So what?
An overview of the teen pregnancy
problem in America

Prepared by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy


www.teenpregnancy.org
January 2007
Three in ten girls get pregnant at
least once before age 20.

Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy analysis of Guttmacher Institute, U.S.. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics
National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, New York: Guttmacher Institute, September, 2006.
Were number oneunfortunately
The United States has much higher pregnancy and birth rates than other
fully industrialized countries. US pregnancy rates are nearly twice as
high as rates in Canada and England and seven to eight times as high as
rates in Japan and the Netherlands.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
United Denmark France Netherlands Sweden
States (1995) (1995) (1992) (1996)
(1996)

Pregnancy Rate Birth Rate

Singh, S., & Darroch, J.E. (2000). Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: Levels and trends in developed countries. Family
Planning Perspectives 32(1), 14-23. Pregnancy rates calculated as the sum of births, abortions, and estimated miscarriages (20
percent of births plus 10 percent of miscarriages).
The consequences of teen
motherhood are many:
Less likely to complete high school or
college
More likely to be a single mother
More likely to have more children sooner
on a limited income
More likely to abuse or neglect the child

Hoffman, D. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Risks to children of teen mothers
Growing up without a father
Low birthweight and prematurity
School failure
Insufficient health care
Abuse and neglect
Poverty
Incarceration (boys)
Teen motherhood (girls)

Hoffman, D. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Physical
The younger the Low birth weight babies
mother, the greater the with breathing problems
risk
Greater risk of baby
Mothers body not yet being crippled, deaf,
mature
retarded, diabetic, blind
Mothers body still & other disorders
trying to grow
Death rate for the baby Half of teen moms
twice as high as for neglect medical care in
20-24 year old first four months
mothers
Health Risks to Teen Mother
More at risk for premature delivery,
prolonged labor, anemia, and toxemia
Death rate from complications is higher
among mothers younger than 15
Sexually active teenagers can acquire
sexually transmitted diseases that affect her
and baby
Health Risks to the Baby
Nine percent of teen moms have low-
birthweight babies (under 5.5 pounds)
compared to 7% of mothers normally.
LBW Babies may have organs not fully
developedlungs and brain.
LBW babies are 40 times more likely to die
in their first month than normal weight
babies
Only 40 percent of young teen mothers
get their high school diploma

No high school
60% diploma

40%
High school
diploma

Hoffman, D. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Teen mothers are less likely to
attend or complete college
25%

21%
9%
20%

2 Years of College
15% 24%
Percent

Completed College

10% 9%
10%

5%
5%
3%
2%

0%
17 and Younger 18-19 Years 20-21 Years
Age of Mother

Hoffman, D. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Educational
Most teen parents have
limited access to
future educational
opportunities
Child Care becomes a
problem
Hard to rise above
entry-level job without
education
Taxpayers spend about $9 billion
($1,430 per teen parent) on teen
childbearing

The public sector costs of young teens (aged 17


and younger) are particularly high and account
for $8.6 billion of costs, an average of $4,080
per mother annually.
Hoffman, D. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Financial
Teen parents havent
prepared to support a
baby financially
Future career of the
parents is jeopardized
because of the
responsibilities
brought on by the
baby
More than 80 teen girls get pregnant each hour
More than 760,000 teen pregnancies occurred in 2002. To put it another way,
more than 80 U.S. teens become pregnant each hour. More than one third of these
pregnancies were to girls under age 18, and 65 percent were to girls aged 18-19.

Total: 764,160 18-19


65%
494,650

252,170
17,340
15-17 under 15
33% 2%
Guttmacher Institute, U.S.. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, New
York: Guttmacher Institute, September, 2006.
Weve Made Progress
National Teen Pregnancy Rates, 1972-2002
(number of pregnancies per 1,000 girls aged 15-19)
After increasing 23 percent between 1972 and 1990 (including 10 percent between 1987 and 1990), the
teen pregnancy rate for girls (15-19) decreased 36 percent between 1990 and 2002 to a record low.

120 116.9
115 111.0
110
105
106.6
100
95 91.4
95.1
90
85
80
75
75.4
70
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher
Institute.
Emotional
Emotional demands of an infant are
incredible
Adolescents are still maturing emotionally
Hormonal swings of pregnancy cause
emotional turbulence
Changing body causes emotional stress
Having baby 24/7 is difficult when teen is
still search for independence
Teen Pregnancy Rates by
Race/Ethnicity, 1990-2002
Teen pregnancy rates, and rates of decline, also vary substantially among racial/ethnic subgroups.
Between 1990 and 2002, teen pregnancy rates declined 45% among non-Hispanic White girls, 40%
among African-American girls, and 19% among Hispanic girls. The decline for all teens was 36%.

250

200 Hispanic

150 Black

100 Total

50 Non-Hispanic
White

0
90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98
99

00

01

02
19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19
19

20

20

20

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and
Ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
Each year, more than 400,000 teens give
birth
In 2002, just over one-half of teen pregnancies to girls aged 15-19 ended in birth,
about one-third ended in abortion, and 14 percent ended in miscarriage.

miscarriage
14%
birth
57% 106,580
425,493

214,750

abortion
29%

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and
Ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
47 teen girls give birth each hour
More than 400,000 teen births occurred in 2005. To put it another way, more than
47 U.S. teens give birth each hour. Thirty-two percent of these births were to girls
under age 18, and 66 percent were to girls aged 18-19.

Total: 421,124 18-19


66%
281,269

133,138 6,717
15-17 under 15
32% 2%

Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., & Ventura, S.J. (2006). Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Released November 21, 2006.
State teen pregnancy rates, 2000
(pregnancies per 1,000 girls aged 15-19)

Teen pregnancy rates vary widely by state, ranging from 42 per 1,000 in North
Dakota to 113 per 1,000 in Nevada.

42-55 per 1,000


56-70 per 1,000
71-85 per 1,000
86-100 per 1,000
101-113 per 1,000

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and
Ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
Changes in teen pregnancy rates, 1992-2000
(pregnancies per 1,000 girls aged 15-19)

Teen pregnancy rates declined in every state between 1992 and 2000; declines
ranged from 4.9 percent in Wyoming to 39.6 percent in California.

26.0-39.6% decline
24.2-25.9% decline
21.8-23.6% decline
19.1-21.5% decline
4.9-18.5% decline

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics National and State Trends and Trends by Race and
Ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
Social
Fun care-free activities
become a thing of the
past
Life drastically
changes
After the novelty
wears off, friends go
in different directions
More to Feel Good About
National Teen Birth Rates, 1940-2005
(number of births per 1,000 girls aged 15-19)
From 1940 to 1957, the teen birth rate increased 78% to a record high. The birth rate dropped fairly steadily from
the end of the 1950s through the mid-1980s, but then increased 23% between 1986 and 1991. Between 1991 and
2005*, the teen birth rate decreased 35% to a record low of 40.4 in 2005. *Data for 2005 are preliminary.

120

100
96.3

80
61.8
60
54.1 50.2
40
40.4
20

0
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005*

Ventura, S.J., Mathews, T.J, & Hamilton, B.E. (2001). Births to Teenagers in the United States: 1940-2000. National Vital Statistics Reports, 49(10).; Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., &
Ventura, S.J. (2006). Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Released November 21, 2006.
Teen Birth Rates by Race/Ethnicity
1980-2005*
Teen birth rates, and rates of decline, vary substantially among the largest racial/ethnic subgroups.
Between 1991 and 2005*, teen birth rates declined 46% for African-Americans, 37% for Native
Americans, 40% for non-Hispanic Whites, 38% for Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 22% for Hispanics.
The decline for all teens was 35%. *Data for 2005 are preliminary.

120

90 Hispanic
Black
American Indian
60
Total
Non-Hispanic White
30 Asian/Pacific Islander

0
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
Births to Teenagers in the United States: 1940-2000. National Vital Statistics Reports, 49(10).; Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Sutton, P.D., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F. & Kirmeyer, S. (2006).
Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., & Ventura, S.J. (2006). Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Released November 21, 2006.
Number of teen births by birth order, 2005
(births to girls aged 15-19)

Four-fifths of all teen births are first births. Of the other 20 percent, 17 percent
are births to teens who already have one child, 3 percent are births to teens who
already have two children, less than one percent are fourth or higher-order births,
and less than one percent of births do not have a birth order stated on the birth
certificate.

Second (69,176)
Total: 414,406
17%

First Third
80% 3% (10,754)

(331,340) Fourth+
0% (1,472)
Not Stated
0% (1,664)

Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., & Ventura, S.J. (2006). Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Released November 21,
2006.
Proportion of teen births to unmarried
teens, 2005
(births to teens aged 15-19)

Of the 400,000 births to teens aged 15-19 in 2005, 82.8 percent were to
unmarried teens.

Unmarried Married
82.8% 17.2%
71,430
342,976

Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., & Ventura, S.J. (2006). Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Released November 21, 2006.
If youve had sexual
intercourse, do you wish
you had waited longer?

Nearly two-thirds of teens who have


had sex wish they had waited.
Of those that have had sex, more than one-half
of teen boys (55%) and the overwhelming
majority of teen girls (72%) said they wish they
had waited longer to have sex.

The majority of older teens (15-17 years


old) surveyed also wish they had waited
longer to have sex. Nearly six in ten
older teens (58%) said they wish they
waited longer to have sex.
Video

4 Pregnant Teenagers
Internet

Teen Pregnancy Quiz

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