ORGAN OF SPECIAL SENSE

The Eye
Departemen Histologi
FK USU
 Wall of eyeball consist of :
Corneosceral coat (outer)
Uvea (central coat)
Retina (inner coat)
Interior of eyeball subdivided into:
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Intra occuli tension (normal) : 23 mmHg
Vitreal cavity
Gelatinous, 99% water consist of Hyaluronic acid
filled with transparent medium, helps maintain
shape & turgor of eye
 Consist of :
A. Sclera

B. Cornea
 Forms the tough, opaque,
fibrous outer tunic of
posterior, 5/6 of eyeball
Composed of :
Flat bundles of collagen
Delicate networks of elastic
fibers
Elongated & flattened
fibroblasts
Episclera : outer surface of
sclera
 Tenon capsule : layer of dense conn.
Tissue
Tenon chamber : a chamber between
tenon capsule & sclera allow
eyeballs movement
Melanocytes occur in the deeper
layers
Functions of sclera :
Protects interior of eye
Aids in maintaining eyes shape
Serve as a site of attachment for
extrinsic muscle of eye
 Colorless & transparent
1/6 part of eye ball
Consist of :
Corneal epithelium
Bowmans membrane
Substantia propria / stroma
Descements membrane
Corneal endothelium
CORNEAL EPITHELIUM :
Stratified squamous epith. with smooth
outer surface
Consist 5-6 layers of large squamous cells
Superficial layer cells form microplicae on
external surface help retain moisture
on corneal surface
Contain many nerve endings very
 BOWMANS MEMBRANE : consist of
a feltwork of small collagen fibrils (type
I), lacks of elastin & no cells found.
SUBSTANTIA PROPRIA / STROMA
forms bulk of cornea

Consist of collagen fibers (type

I&V). Arranged in thin lamellae that
run parallel to cornea surface
Keratocytes : flattened fibroblast-
like cells, lies between bundles of
collagen fibers
No blood & lymphatic vessels

DESCEMENTS MEMBRANE :
Homogenous membrane, resilient &
elastic
Consist mainly collagen type VIII
 CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM :
Consist of a simple squamous epithelium with
large, hexagonal squamous cells
The cells involved in transporting materials
from anterior chambers
Corneal transparency due to :
Uniform diameter

Orderly arrangement of collagen fibers

to properties of ground substances

Corneal is avascular & depends on aqueous

humor & blood vessels of surrounding limbus to
supply nutrients
Ion pumps of corneal endothelial maintain fluid
level within stroma if excess, cornea becomes
opaque
Corneal cells not dividing after birth not
replaceable
 A transition zone between
transparent cornea & opaque
sclera
Limbuss characterized by
terminations of bowmans
membrane & descements
membrane
Descements membrane replaced
by spongy trabecular meshwork
Endothelium continuous with
corneal endothelim
Schlemms canal : flattened,
endothelial-lined canal, lies
between bulk of limbal stroma &
trabecular meshwork, courses
around cicumferences of cornea
 Middlevascular coat of eye, divided
into choroid, ciliary body & iris

A thin, brown, highly vascular

membrane that lines the inner
surface of posterior cornea
Consist of 3 layers :
Outer vessel layer : loose
CT+numerous
melanocytes+larger branches of
ciliary arteries & veins
Central choriocapillary layer :
net capillary for nutritional needs
of outer retina
Glassy (Bruchs) membrane : lies
between remainder of choroid &
 Consist of an inner vascular
tunic & a mass of smooth
muscle
Ciliary process :
60-80 radially arranged,
elongated ridges
Lined by ciliary epith.
Contain a highly vascularized
stroma & scattered
melanocytes
 Ciliary epithelium :
Covers inner surface
continuation of pigment
epith of retina ( no
photosensitive cells)
Consist of :
Outer nonpigmented cells
Inner pigmented cells

Zonule fibers / zonula

ciliaris :
Holds the lens in place
Produced by non
pigmented cell of
ciliary epith.
 Ciliary muscle :
Smooth muscle,
mostly found in
ciliary body
Controls the shape
of lens focal
power of lens
Arrangements :
Circular orientation
Radial orientation

Meridional
orientation
 A thin disc suspended in aqueous
humour with central opening called
pupil
Continuous with ciliary body & divide
spaces between lens & cornea into
ant. & post. Chamber
Surface of iris :
Anterior : lined by discontinuous
melanocytes & fibroblast
Posterior : covered by 2 rows of
cuboidal, pigmented cells cont.
with ciliary epith.
The dilator of iris : formed by a layer
of radially arranged myoepithelial
cells contractions increases pupils
diameter
 Sphincter muscle :
Consist of circularly arranged smooth
muscle, near pupillary margin
Contractions reduces of pupil
Color of iris :
Determined by amount & distribution of
pigment
Blue eyes melanin restricted in
posterior surface
Gray & brown eyes melanin found in
increasing concentration within
melanocytes present through out the
iriss stroma
Albinos : melanin (-), iris takes on pink
color due to vasculature of iridial
 Consist of :
Outer Pigment epithelium
Inner neural epithelium
Pigment epithelium :
Columnar cells with basally placed
nucleus
Basal of cells attached to bruch
membrane
Apical part : small microvilli
Melanin granule >>
Dark pigmen absorbs light after
sensitizing photoreseptors
 Neural retina :
Formed by :
1. Layer of rods & cones
2. External limitting membrane
3. Outer nuclear layer
4. Outer plexiform layer
5. Inner nuclear layer
6. Inner plexiform layer
7. Ganglion cell layer
8. Layer of nerve fiber
9. Internal limitting membrane
Pars optical retina / neuron
conducting chain :
Inner Photoreceptors (rods &
cones)
Intermediate bipolar neurons
Outer ganglion cells
 Photoreceptors cells :
A. ROD CELLS :
Long slender cells
After exposure to light rodopsin changes
Sensitive to light
B. CONE CELLS :
Resemble to rods but flask-shaped with
conical outer segments
After exposure to light iodopsin changes
Cones function : color perception & visual
acuity
 Optic disc :
Site of formation & exit of
optic nerve
Photoreceptors (-)
insensitive to light
Forms blind spot of retina
 A transparent, biconvex
epithelial body, placed
immediately behind pupil
Posterior surface more convex
than anterior surface
Consist of :
Capsule : thin, homogenous
elastic collagen fibers
Subcapsular epithelium
A simple cuboidal epithelium

Only on anterior surface

Lens fibers / lens substance

 Colorless, transparent
gelatinous mass fills
vitreous cavity
99% water & contain :
Hyaluronic acid
Collagen fibrils type II & XI
Function of vitreous body :
Provides nutrients to lens &
adjacent structure
Maintain correct consistency &
shape of eye
 Consist of conn. Tissue
covered externally by thin skin
Conjungtiva :
A mucous membrane covering
interior of lid & anterior of each
eye
Consist of a startified columnar
epith with goblet cells
Goblet provides mucus which
lubricates cornea & prevent
abration of corneal epithelium
 External surface of eyelids :
Skin keratinized squamous epith
Loose CT
Fine hair
Skeletal muscle
Tarsal plate
Eyelashes
Meibomian / tarsal glands :
A single row with ducts opening at margin
of lid
Secreted lipid to lubricate lid margin
Zeis glands : sebaceous glands
associated with eyelashes
Molls gland : sweat gland located
between follicles of eyelashes
 A well developed, compound
tubuloalveolar gland of serous type
Secretory units : tall columnar cells
with large pale secretory granules
Ducts : first lined by simple cuboidal
epith. stratified columnar in larger
ducts
Secretion of lacrimal glands :
Moisten, lubricate & flush anterior
surface of eye
Drained by lacrimal duct
(stratified squamous epith)
lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct
(both lined by pseudostratified
columnar epith)
TELINGA
TELINGA
Telinga dibagi atas :
1. Telinga luar :
a. Aurikula
b. Meatus Akustikus Eksternus
c. Membran timpani
2. Telinga tengah :
a. Rongga timpani
b. Tuba Eustachius
3. Telinga dalam ;
a. Labirin
b. Cochlea
c. Organ Corti
 TELINGA LUAR

1. AURIKULA

- Tdd lempeng tulang rawan elastik.

- Dikelilingi oleh perikondrium yg banyak mgd
serat elastik.
- Permukaan diliputi kulit tipis.
- Ditemukan rambut, kelenjar sebasea,
kelenjar keringat.
2. MEATUS AKUSTIKUS EKSTERNUS

Terletak dari Aurikula sampai

membran timpani.
1/3 bagian luar : tl.rawan
elastik
2/3 bagian dalam : tulang.
Dijumpai kelenjar seruminosa
yi kelenjar keringat yg telah
mengalami modifikasi.
Serumen : gabungan sekret
kelenjar sebasea dan kelenjar
seruminosa.
3. MEMBRAN TIMPANI

Betuk oval, letaknya miring

menutupi bagian terdalam
meatus akustikus eksternus.
Lapisan luar : epidermis
tipis (Stratified Squamous
Epithelium).
Lapisan dalam : Simple
Cuboidal Epithelium.
Fungsi : menghantar getaran
suara ke tulang pendengaran
telinga tengah.
TELINGA TENGAH

1. RONGGA TIMPANI
- Epitel :
Simple Squamous Epithelium /
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
rendah dan Simple Collumnar
Ciliated Epithelium
- Terdapat tulang
pendengaran : Malleus, Inkus,
Stapes.
2. TUBA EUSTACHIUS

Menghubungkan rongga
timpani dengan nasofaring.
1/3 posterior : tulang
2/3 anterior : tulang rawan.
Dinding tuba biasanya
menutup, tetapi membuka
pada proses menelan
menyamakan tekanan udara
dalam telinga dalam dengan
tekanan atmosfer.
TELINGA DALAM

1. LABIRIN
- Labirin tulang : yg
membentuk kanal, mgd
cairan perilymph.
- Labirin membranosa :
didalam labirin tulang,
mgd cairan endolymph.
Labirin membranosa
- Bagian posterior :
Utrikulus, dihubungkan
dengan 3 buah saluran
semisirkularis melalui 5
buah lubang.
- Bagian anterior :
Sakulus.
- Saluran ini bergabung
membentuk Duktus
Endolimfatikus.
SAKULUS & UTRIKULUS
Terdiri dari :
- Sel reseptor : sel rambut.

- Sel penyokong.

Otolith mrpk glikoprotein tebal.

KANALIS SEMISIRKULARIS
Kupula : penonjolan, glikoprotein
lbh tebal, otolith (-).

Saluran & kantung Endolimfatik

Awal : Stratified Squamous Ep.
Dekat kantung endolimfatik :
Stratified Collumnar Ep.
2. COCHLEA
Terdiri dari :
- ruangan atas : skala vestibuli
- ruangan tengah : skala media
- ruangan bawah : skala timpani.
Struktur :
- membrana vestibularis :
jar.ikat tipis dan Simple
Squamous Epithelium.
- stria vaskularis : epitel
bertingkat, mengandung
pembuluh darah, mrpk tempat
sekresi endolimf.
3. ORGAN CORTI

Terletak diatas membran

basilaris.
Termasuk organ sensorik.
Tdd :
- sel penyokong :
1. sel tiang dalam dan luar
2. sel falangs dlm dan luar.
- sel rambut :
1. sel rambut dalam
2. sel rambut luar
Organ Corti dilapisi lembaran pita
gelatinosa yaitu membrana
tektoria.
 Terima Kasih

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