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Numerical methods
SIMPLE CFD Algorithm
SIMPLE Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations
Define Relaxation
General Transport Equation
unsteady-state
H N div( V) div ( ,eff grad ) S
W E Equation in the algebraic format:
P
S L a P P a E E a W W a S S a N N a H H a L L f
Transient term:
P P
Are these values for step or + ?
P P Vx
x
P( or E) W(or P) , eff 2 P E W S
xx
P P Vx , eff
x
P( or E) W(or P) xx
2 P E W S
Or different notation:
Implicit method
N N Vx , eff
x
N( or N 1) N-1(or
N) xx
2
N
N -1
N 1 S
N N Vx , eff
x
N( or N 1) N-1(or
N)
xx
2 N N-1 N1 S
a N TN-1 b N TN c N TN1 f N
1 2 3 i N-1 N
b1 c1 1 f1
a f
Equation matrix: 2 b2 c2 2 2
... ... ...
For 1D problem
ai bi ci i f i
3-diagonal matrix
... ... ...
a N 1 bN 1 cN 1 N 1 f N 1
aN bN N f N
3D problem
Equation in the general format:
H N
a P P a E E a W W a S S a N N a H H a L L f
W P E
S L
Wright this equation for each discretization volume
of your discretization domain
A
60,000 elements
F
x =
7-diagonal matrix
This is the system for only
one variable ( ) When we need to solve p, u, v, w, T, k, e, C
system of equation is larger
Iteration method
Alternative to use matrix solver tool is to use iterations
You can use excel if you are not familiar with matrix solver tools
example
Iterations -residual Value: T1 Residual 2
initial guess 22
2
iteration 1 23 1.00000
iteration 2 23.25 0.25000 2
iteration 3 23.390625 0.14063
Difference of value 2
iteration 4 23.483459 0.09283
between two iteration iteration 5 2
--- 23.96441
Iteration 98 23.96444 0.00003
Numerical instability
divergency
divergence
variable
solution
convergence
iteration
Navier Stokes Equations
Continuity equation
v x v y v z
0
x y z This velocities that constitute advection coefficients: F=rV
Momentum x
v x v x v x v x p 2vx 2vx 2vx
( vx vy vz ) 2 2 2 SM x
x y z x x y z
Momentum y
v y v y v y v yp 2vy 2vy 2vy
( vx vy vz ) 2 2 2 SM y g (T T )
x y z y x y z
Momentum z
v z v z v z v z p 2 vz 2 vz 2 vz
( vx vy vz ) 2 2 2 SM z
x y z z x y z
Pressure is in momentum equations
which already has one unknown
................................
Pressure and velocities in NS
equations
How to link pressure field with continuity equation?
SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations ) algorithm
v x v x v x v x p 2vx 2vx 2vx
( vx vy vz ) 2 2 2 SM x
x y z x x y z
W x P x E
(PW PE )/2
a P Vx P a E Vx E a W Vx W a SVx S a N Vx N a H Vx H a L Vx L f Aside
x
We have two additional equations for y and x directions
The momentum equations can be solved only when the pressure field is given or is
somehow estimated. Use * for estimated pressure and the corresponding velocities
SIMPLE algorithm
Guess pressure field: P*W, P*P, P*E, P*N , P*S, P*H, P*L
Solution is: V *x P , V *x E , V *x W , V *x S , V *x N , V *x H , V *x L
4) Solve T , k , e equations
SIMPLE algorithm
start
Guess p*
p=p*
no Converged
(residual check)
yes
end
Other methods
SIMPLER
SIMPLEC variation of SIMPLE
PISO
Solution is Under-Relaxation:
iteration
Y*=fY(n)+(1-f)Y(n-1) Y considered parameter , n iteration , f relaxation factor
Value which is should be used for the next iteration
For our example Y*in iteration 101=fY(100)+(1-f) Y(99)
Substitute and calculate: T12r fT12 (1 - f)T11 , T22r fT22 (1 - f)T21 , ....
.