Dengue Fever

What is it?

Types

Mode of transmission

Symptoms and treatment

Prevention& Elimination
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 Dengue Fever
mosquito-borne infectious tropical disease
caused by the dengue virus

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 DIAGNOSIS
TWO OF THE FOLLOWING

FEVER
nausea and vomiting,
Rash
generalized pains
Leukopenia
positive result on
tourniquet test
any warning sign

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 DIAGNOSIS
WARNING SIGNS
Worsening abdominal pain
Ongoing vomiting
Enlargement of the liver
Mucosal bleeding
High hematocrit combined with low platelet
count
Lethargy or restlessness
Serosal effusion

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION

Asymptomatic Symptomatic

Undifferentiated fever Dengue fever

(viral syndrome) (syndrome)
Dengue Shock
Dengue Fever Syndrome (DSS)

No Shock Dengue
Haemorrhagic fever

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 EPIDEMIOLOGY
New cases every year: 50-528 millions
Endemic in 110 countries
24,000 deaths annually
People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
Incubation period: 3-14 days

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 HISTORY
Earliest description of disease: 1779 AD
Viral cause elucidated : 1906

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 TRANSMISSION
Transmitted by mosquito Aedes
Most frequently by Aedes aegypti
Other less common vectors

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Transmission

Infected
mosquito

Healthy person Infected

Incubation Period: 3 to 14 days person
Most commonly 4 to 7 days

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Life cycle of Aedes Mosquito

1-2 days

Pupae Larvae Eggs

4-5 days 2-3 days

Stagnant water
 Aedes albopictus
Aedes aegypti

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 History
The Aedes aegypti breeds primarily in man-made
containers like:

Earthenware jars, Metal drums and Concrete cisterns used for

domestic water storage. Discarded plastic food containers, used
automobile tires and other items that collect rainwater.

it can also breeds extensively in natural habitats such as tree holes

and leaf axils.

The rapid geographic spread of this species has been

largely attributed to the international trade in used tyres.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever, also know as break bone fever, is an acute
communicable disease caused by virus.

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral

diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, usually Aedes
aegypti.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Types of Dengue Fever

There are actually four dengue clinical syndromes:

Undifferentiated fever;
Classic dengue fever;
Dengue hemorrhagic fever, or DHF; and
Dengue shock syndrome, or DSS.
Dengue shock syndrome is actually a severe form of DHF.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Mode of Transmission

A healthy person gets the disease when he is bitten by an

infected mosquito. The virus enters his blood from the mosquitos
saliva.
An infected person could transmit the virus to mosquitoes if he is
bitten by a mosquito anytime from the onset to the subsidence of
the fever (a period of about 6 to 7 days). The disease is then
spread by mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is not spread by contact with infected persons.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 CLASSICAL DENGUE FEVER
Reservoir both man and mosquito
The mosquito becomes infective by feeding on the patient
from the day before onset to the 5th day of illness.
After an extrinsic incubation period of 8-10 days the
mosquito becomes infective and is able to transmit
infection.
The illness is characterized by an incubation period of 3-10
days.
Onset is sudden with chills and high fever. Temperature rises
quickly as high as 104 F (40 C), with relative bradycardia
and hypotension.
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (1)

Fever: continuous for 3 to 5 days

Severe headache

Painful limbs, joint pain, muscle pain, back pain, pain

behind eyeballs

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (2)

Rash appears on the 3rd to 4th day after onset.

Nausea, vomiting.
Slight gum bleeding and nasal bleeding
Extreme fatigue and depression may follow recovery.
In very rare cases, the condition may worsen
into dengue hemorrhagic fever, leading to
hemorrhage, shock or even death.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Reddened eyes

Intense muscles and joint pains

A flushing or pale pink rash comes over the face and then
disappears. The glands (lymph nodes) in the neck and groin are
often swollen

Fever lasts 2-4 days rarely more than 7 days.

Case fatality is very low

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Symptoms

Skin rash
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 TREATMENT
.
Treatment is only supportive
Mild or moderate disease
Oral or intravenous hydration
Severe cases
Intravenous hydration
Blood transfusion
For fever
PARACETAMOL

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Treatment (2)

Wiping the body with warm water and proper use of anti-
fever drugs that can relieve the fever.
Dont take aspirin-containing drugs because they worsen
the hemorrhage.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Protect Yourself against
Dengue Fever

As yet, there is no effective vaccine against dengue fever.

therefore, the best prevention is to avoid being bitten by
mosquitoes by paying attention to the following:

Avoid staying in dark, outdoor places such as brushwood,

pavilions or the shade of a tree during the hours when Aedes
albopictus is active.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Control the Spread of
Dengue Fever

Prevent the patient from being

bitten by mosquitoes.
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 Prevention of
Mosquito Bites

Avoid going out in

the hours when
Aedes albopictus
feed or wear light-
coloured, long-
sleeved clothing
and trousers.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Prevention of
Mosquito Bites

Apply DEET-containing
mosquito-repellents
over exposed parts of
the body and clothes
every 4 to 6 hours.

For DEET products

used by children, its
concentration should
be less than 10%.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Prevention of
Mosquito Bites

Your place of accommodation

should have air-conditioners or
mosquito nets. Otherwise, hang
mosquito screens around your
bed, use insecticides or coil
incenses to repel mosquitoes.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Prevention of
Mosquito Bites

Install mosquito
nets to doors and
windows so that
mosquitoes cant
get in.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

The most effective way to

eliminate mosquitoes is to
keep the environment clean
and to remove stagnant
water so that mosquitoes
cant breed.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

Cover water containers

tightly so that mosquitoes
cant get in to lay eggs.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes
Dispose of domestic
wastes properly to
prevent the
accumulation of
stagnant water.

Dispose of empty bottles,

cans and lunchboxes
properly, such as into a
covered bin.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes
Change water for vases
and aquatic plants at
least once a week,
leaving no water under
the pots or in the
bottom saucers.

Scrub the container

surfaces thoroughly to
prevent mosquito eggs
sticking on them.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

Remove or puncture any

dumped tyres to prevent
the accumulation of
stagnant water.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

Ditches should be free from blockage.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

Fill up uneven ground surfaces to prevent the

accumulation of stagnant water.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Elimination of Mosquitoes

Remove stagnant water

immediately if mosquitoes
are found to be breeding.
Use environmentally
friendly insecticides such
as larvicidal oil if
necessary.

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 Black Spots of Mosquito
Breeding
Garden / gardening corner / saucers underneath flower
pots / aquatic plants
Tuck-shop
Rubbish collection stations
Ditches
Toilets
Water tanks / pools

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Prevention of Dengue Fever
Eliminate mosquitoes:
Planning, manpower arrangement, areas to be inspected,
inspection time and record

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Mosquito Elimination
Checklist (1)
Are containers and other items where water could
accumulate disposed of properly?

(For example, throwing empty cans, foam rubber boxes,

cups and bottles into a covered bin.)

Are water containers covered properly?

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Mosquito Elimination
Checklist (2)
Are ditches free from blockage?

Are containers with stagnant water cleaned regularly?

(For example, vases, saucers underneath flower pots,
water storage device of an air-conditioner, water tanks
and pools.)

Are uneven ground surfaces filled to prevent the

accumulation of stagnant water?

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 See Doctor Immediately
Having been bitten by
a mosquito and
displaying symptoms
of dengue fever
afterwards

Falling ill, especially

having a fever within
one month after you
have returned from
abroad

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 If you suspect that you have dengue fever,

Visit Health Clinic

UET, Lahore

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 Lets remove stagnant water
and eliminate mosquitoes.
THANK YOU

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 CONCLUSION
NO DEFINITIVE TREATMENT AVAILABLE
NO VACCINATION AVAILABLE

ONLY PREVENTATION IS THE

SOLUTION SO FAR

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

DENGUE SAY ZARRA
BACH KAY

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE