June 21, 1896 Dr.

Pio Valenzuela arrived in

Dapitan.
o A revolution without sufficient arms should
not be started against an armed nation.
o The people should first be educated.

What independence if slaves of today will be

tyrants of tomorrow?

o The revolution should be led by the educated

or the middle class.
 ..that reforms, to be fruitful, must come
from above, and that those coming from below
were only to be obtained in a manner such as
would make them irregular and uncertain

Revolution from Above led by the educated is

stable and regular and will succeed.
Revolution from below - led by the masses is
unstable and irregular and will not succeed.
 I do not mean to say that our freedom must be
won at the point of the sword; the sword now
counts for very little in the destinies of our
times; but I do say that we must win our
freedom by deserving it, by improving the mind
and enhancing the dignity of the individual,
loving what is just, what is good, what is great,
to the point of dying for it. When a people reach
these heights, God provides the weapon, and
the idols and the tyrants fall like a house of
cards, and freedom shines in the first dawn.
 I do not mean to say that our freedom must be
won at the point of the sword; the sword now
counts for very little in the destinies of our
times; but I do say that we must win our
freedom by deserving it, by improving the mind
and enhancing the dignity of the individual,
loving what is just, what is good, what is great,
to the point of dying for it. When a people reach
these heights, God provides the weapon, and
the idols and the tyrants fall like a house of
cards, and freedom shines in the first dawn.
 December 17, 1895 Rizal wrote to
Governor General Ramon Blanco offering his
services as a military doctor to Cuba.
July 30, 1896 Rizal received Governor
General Ramon Blancos letter notifying him
of the acceptance of his letter.
The letter stated that the politico-military
commander in Dapitan would give him a pass
so that he could come to Manila.
Rizal would be given safe-conduct to Spain
 The Minister of War will assign Rizal to the
Army of Operations in Cuba, detailed to the
Medical Corps.
El Canto del Viajero (The Song of the
Traveler) poem written by Rizal.

July 31, 1896 Rizals four year-year exile in

Dapitan ended.
August 6, 1896 Rizal on board the steamer
Espana arrived in Manila Bay.
September 3, 1896 Rizal on board Isla de
Panay sailing for Barcelona.
 September 7, 1896 Isla de Panay arrived in
Singapore.
Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay behind
and take advantage of the protection of
the British law.
Filipino residents urged Rizal to stay in
Singapore to save his life.
October 3, 1896 Isla de Panay arrived in
Barcelona with Rizal as prisoner.
October 6, 1896 Rizal on board the Colon
was shipped back to Manila.
Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore

Dr. Antonio Regidor and Sixto Lopez

dispatched frantic telegrams to an English
lawyer in Singapore Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal
from the Spanish steamer when it reach
Singapore.
Atty. Fort instituted habeas corpus
proceeding at Singapore Court that Rizal
be freed from the steamer. That Rizal was
illegally detained on the Spanish
steamer.
Antonio Regidor Sixto Lopez and Rizal
 Chief Justice Lionel Cox denied the writ on
the ground that the Colon was carrying
Spanish troops, hence it was a warship of
a foreign power, which under international
law was beyond the jurisdiction of
Singapore.

November 3, 1896 the Colon arrived in

Manila.
Rizal was transferred to Fort Santiago
November 20, 1896 - Preliminary
Investigation started which lasted for 5 days.
 Rizal was informed of the charges against
him.
Rizal was not permitted to confront those
who testified against him.

Two kinds of evidence were presented against

Rizal
Documentary Evidence
Testimonial Evidence
 November 26, 1896 Colonel Olive
transmitted the records of the case to Gov.
Gen. Ramon Blanco.
Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco appointed Captain
Rafael Dominguez as Special Judge Advocate
to institute the corresponding action against
Rizal.
Captain Rafael Dominguez made a brief
resume of the charges and returned it to Gov.
Gen. Ramon Blanco.
Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco transmitted the
papers to Judge Advocate General Nicolas de
la Pena for an opinion.
 The accused be immediately brought to trial;
Rizal should be kept in prison;
An order of attachment be issued against his
property to the amount of one million
pesos as indemnity;
Rizal should be defended in court by an army
officer, not by a civilian lawyer.

Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade Rizals defense

counsel.
 December 11, 1896 the information of
charges was formally read to Rizal in his
prison cell and in the presence of his
counsel.

the principal organizer and the

living soul of the Filipino insurrection,
the founder of societies, periodicals
and books dedicated to fomenting and
propagating ideas of rebellion.
 Rizal raised no objection on the jurisdiction
of the court.
He pleaded not guilty to the crime of
rebellion.
December 13, 1896 - Captain Rafael
Dominguez forwarded the papers of Rizal the
Rizal case to Malacanan Palace- Gov. Gen.
Camilo de Polavieja.

Rizals Manifesto to the Filipino People

December 15, 1896 condemning the
revolution started by the Katipunan.
 From the beginning, when I had news of what
was being planned, I opposed it. fought it,
and demonstrated its absolute impossibility.
I was convinced that the idea was highly
absurd and, what was worse, would bring
great suffering.
My countrymen: I have given proofs, more
than anything else, of desiring liberties for
our country and I still desire them. But I place
as a premise the education of the people so
that by means of education and of labor they
might have a personality of their own and
make themselves worthy of liberties.
 I cannot but condemn and I do condemn this
absurd, savage uprising planned behind my
back, which dishonors us, the Filipinos, and
discredits those who may advocate our cause.
I abhor its criminal methods and disclaim all
participation therein.
Return to your homes, and may God forgive
those who have acted in bad faith.

Rizals Trial:A Mock Trial

Rizal a civilian, was tried by a military court.
He was prejudged and considered guilty
before the actual trial.
 The military court accepted all the charges
against him, and ignored all arguments and
proof in his favor.
Rizal was not given the right to confront the
witness against him.
Rizals trial lasted on for one day.

December 26, 1896 at 8:00 a.m Rizals trial

started.
Military Courts Decision: Death Sentence

Military Courts decision was submitted to Gov.

Gen. Camilio de Polavieja and sought the opinion
of Judge Advocate General.
 Judge Advocate General affirmed the death
sentence.

Polavieja Signs Rizals Execution

December 28, 1896 Polavieja approved the

decision of the court-martial and ordered
Rizal to be shot at 7:00 oclock in the
morning of December 30, 1896 at
Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
December 28, 1896 Dona Teodora Alozo
wrote last appeal for clemency to Malacaan
Palace, where she begged to see the Governor
General, but was refused admittance.
 6: 00 a.m 7:00 A.M Rizal
December 29, 1896 8:00 A.M Fr.
was moved to
Captain Rafael Antonio Rosell
his prison cell.
Dominguez read
arrived to
the death sentence His visitors: Fr.
to Rizal To be Miguel Saderra relieve Fr. Visa.
shot at the back by Mata, Fr. Luis Visa, Lt. Taviel de
a Jesuit teacher. Andrade came.
firing squad at 7:00
A.M.
 9:00 A.M Fr. 12:00 3:30 P.M
Federico Faura Rizal was left alone 3:30 P.M
arrived. in his cell. Probably Fr.Balaguer
busy writing his discussed with
10:00 A.M Fr. Jose farewell poem and Rizal about his
Villaclara, Vicente hid it inside his retraction/anti-
Balaguer, Spanish alcohol cooking Catholic
Journalist Santiago stove. ideas/membership
Mataix visited of Masonry.
Rizal wrote a letter
Rizal. to Blumentritt.
 There is 6:00 P.M Don
4:00 P.M Rizals Silvino Lopez
something
mother arrived. Tunon arrived.
inside. Look
Rizal knelt down, 8:00 P.M Rizal
at my shoes.
kissed her hands had his last
& begging her to Frs. Villaclara , supper. Told
forgive him. Estanislao, & Captain
Trinidad entered Dominguez that
Rosell March
and Rizal gave he forgave his
entered the enemies &
the alcohol
cooking stove. cell. military judges.
Rizal was given permission given for him to see
his family for the last time, and send them a
note:

My dear Parents and Hermanos:

I would like to see each one of you before

dying, though it may cost much pain. Come
the most valiant. I have some important
things to say.
Your son and brother who loves you with all his
heart,
Jose Rizal
 Bury me in the ground, and set me a
tombstone and a cross. My name, the date of
my birth and that of my death. Nothing more.
If besides you wish to surround my tomb with
a railing, that maybe done.No
anniversaries.
Rizal wished to die facing the firing squad.
He asked to be shot in the small of the back,
not in the head. The captain agreed.
 Rizal was asked if he wish to kneel. He
elected to die standing.
He declined to be blindfolded.

Late in the afternoon and evening of December

29, 1896, Doa Teodora Alonzo went from one
authority to another, begging to be given her
sons body for burial.

Towards the evening, Civil Governor of Manila

Manuel Luengco allowed Doa Teodora to have
the body on her personal responsibility.
 Narcisa ordered coffin and hearse.

After execution the Rizal family failed to get

Rizals dead body.
Narcisa spent the whole day going from
cemetery to cemetery looking for the burial
place of her brother.
Narcisa found the burial place in the old Paco
cemetery and placed a plaque made with the
letters R.P.J.
 August 1898 a few days after the Americans
took Manila, Narcisa Rizal Lopez obtained
possession from the American authorities to
have her brothers body exhumed.

The Rizal family had custody of Rizals

remains till 1911, when they were deposited
beneath the Rizal monument.
 3:00 A.M
December 30 Rizal
10:00 Draft of the heard mass,
retraction letter by confessed his sins,
9:30 P.M Archbishop and took holy
Gaspar Cestano Bernardino communion.
fiscal of the Nozaleda was (Balaguers
Royal Audencia submitted by Fr. Account)
Balaguer to Rizal.
visited Rizal. 5:30 A.M Rizal took
Rizal rejected the
letter. his last breakfast,
wrote letters to his
family and Paciano.
 5:30 A.M
Josephine Bracken
6:00 A.M Rizal
& Josefa arrived. wrote his last
letter to his Martyrdom
She bade him
farewell. Rizal parents. of a Hero
embraced her and 6:30 A.M trumpet 7:03 A.M-
gave her book sounded-death
Imitation of Christ Age 35.
march begin to
by Thomas
Bagumbayan.
Kempis.
The only woman mentioned in
Rizals Ultimo Adios
 Adios, dulce extrangera, mi amiga, mi alegria,

Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that

lightened my way;

Paalam estranherang kasuyo kot aliw,

I die just when I see the dawn break,
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt
take,
Pourd out at need for thy dear sake,
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
Rest in peace in the shadows of oblivion,
Redeemer of a country in bondage!
In the mystery of the grave, do not cry,
Heed not the momentary triumph of the
Spaniard
Because if a bullet destroyed your cranium,
Likewise your idea destroyed an empire!.
Personalities
Archbishop Bernardo Nozaleda Dominican
Friar
Fr. Pio Pi Y Vidal Superior of the Jesuits.
Fr. Vicente Balaguer Jesuit priest, who
claimed that Rizal retracted.

The Jesuits were entrusted by the Archbishop

with the spiritual care of the condemned
man.
 Rizal was in tears.
Confessed three times.
Heard mass.
Perfecting his retraction, reading it allowed
before others with deep emotion.
Between 6 and 6: 15 a.m on December 30,
within one hour of the execution, he
performed in a very short ceremony, the
canonical marriage of Rizal and Josephine
Bracken in the presence of one Rizals sisters.
Rizal retracted his religious errors, abjured
freemasonry and in the last hour of his life
had married Josephine Bracken.
 Rizal was not given a Christian burial.
In the cemetery register his name was listed
among those who died unconfessed.
Rizal did not mention the retraction in his 6
a.m letter to his mother.
Balaguer did not mention of the Ultimo
Adios.
The original copy of retraction was said to
have been lost.
The retraction letter was a forgery and
unsigned.
 Rizal declined the spiritual services of the
regimental chaplain.

Vicente Balaguer brought with him a

medallion of the Marian Congregation, of
which Rizal had been secretary at the Ateneo,
and another priest brought a wooden image
of the Sacred Heart of Jesus which Rizal had
made as a student.
Rizal glanced at Balaguers medallion and
said, Im not much of a Marian, Father.
 Rafael Palma witnessed Rizals execution and
saw him turn away from the Jesuit holding
out a crucifix to him.
Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adios,
Ahi te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores,
Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni
opresores,
Donde la fe no mata, donde el que reina es
Dios.
My idolized country, sorrow of my sorrows,
Beloved Filipinas, hear my last good-bye,
There I leave you all , my parents, my loves
Ill go where there are no slaves, hangmen nor
oppressors,
Where faith doesnt kill, where the one who
reigns is God.
 To sterilize Rizals influence in the future.
To condemn Rizals works in perpetuity.
To discredit Rizals writings in the eyes of
the next generation.