Essential Question

What were the goals and

tactics of the different
leaders and events of the
Civil Rights movement?
 Civil Rights Court Cases
1. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Court Rules:
- slaves are property
- The Federal government cannot ban
slavery anywhere in the US
2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Court Rules:
- Separate but equal facilities are legal
- Segregation upheld
 Civil Rights Court Cases

3. Brown v. Board (1954)

Court Rules:
- in the field of public education, the
doctrine of separate but equal has no
place
- AKA Separate is NOT equal in education
- No more segregated schools

** de jure segregation = illegal **

Types of Segregation
De Jure Segregation
Definition: segregation BY LAW
Example: Jim Crow Laws
What part of the Country: South
 Types of Segregation

De Facto Segregation
Definition: segregation BY CUSTOM
Example: white flight to the suburbs,
which leaves urban schools to be all black
and suburban schools to be all white
What part of the Country: North
 NAACP

Remember: founded by WEB DuBois

Members: blacks and whites across US
Goal: achieve racial equality, often through
legal system
 SCLC: Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
Members: led by MLK and Christian
Ministers
Goal: Use NON VIOLENT protest and
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE to
achieve equality
Civil Disobedience:
Non-violently break un-just laws
Examples: bus boycott, sit-ins,
marches, newspapers,
write letters
 SNCC: Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
Pronounced: Snick
Members: Young people
Goal: usually tried non-violent protests to
achieve change; wanted change fast
Actions: sit-ins, Freedom Rides, Freedom
Summer
CORE: Congress of Racial Equality
Founded: 1942
Civil Rights Campaigns: Freedom Ride
(sparked others), challenged Chicago Public
Schools to desegregate, March on
Washington, Freedom Summer (with SNCC)
 Stokely Carmichael
Group: takes over SNCC in 1966
Main Idea: Black Pride,
Tactics: accept militancy as a way for change
 Black Power

Black Power = racial pride in

blackness,
create institutions for blacks
Black Power is a term that emphasizes
racial pride and the desire for African
Americans to achieve equality.
The term promotes the creation of Black
political and social institutions.
Many SNCC members were becoming
critical of leaders that articulated non-
violent responses to racism.
 Black Power on the
World Stage
Tommie Smith and John
Carlos give the Black
Power salute at the 1968
Summer Olympics.
The two men were
suspended by the United
States team and banned
from Olympic village.
The action is considered
a milestone of The Civil
Rights Movement.
 Malcolm X & The Nation of Islam
Group: Nation of Islam
Main Idea: at first, complete racial segregation,
separation of the races only way to get true equality
Tactics: hatred of white people; black supremacy;
meet violence with violence
 Black Panthers
Who: Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
Main Idea: militant African-American
political organization formed in 1966 to
fight police brutality and to provide
services in the ghetto
Tactic: violent revolution was the only
way to receive freedom; some
shootouts, but also
established daycare centers,
free medical clinics, etc.
 Compare & Contrast
On the bottom of your paper WRITE:
What did all of these organizations /
leaders have in common?
How were they different?
THOUGHT BUBBLE Which group is
the most effective & why??
 Pamphlet Creations
There are 9 groups: NAACP, SCLC, SNCC v.1, SNCC v.2,
CORE, Nation of Islam, Black Panthers, Nashville Student
Movement, and Rosa Parks

In your group you will do some mini-research on your

organization and then design and create a pamphlet
explaining about your organization:
Create a slogan
Create fake quotes from members praising the good works
Describe what work you do any major events youve
participated in?
WHY should someone join?
Overall be creative and make it pop
Integration is difficult in the South
Little Rock 9: a group of nine African
American students enrolled in Little Rock
Central High School in 1957, the students were
initially prevented from entering the racially
segregated school
Governor of Arkansas vowed to prevent blacks from
attending the high school
Eisenhower sent Federal Troops to protect them and
allow them entrance
 Emmett Till Case (1955)

Emmitt Till Case

Answer the following questions:
Who was Emmitt Till?
What was he accused of?
What happened to Emmitt?
What happened in the trial?
Why does this matter?
 Montgomery Bus Boycott
December 1st, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give
up her seat on a Montgomery, AL bus
She was arrested for refusing to move
African Americans boycotted the bus line in
protest, led by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Protestors were threatened and attacked
Lasted 381 days
Supreme Court ruled segregation on public bus
lines was unconstitutional
 Expanding Role of Government
The Warren Court
Earl Warren appointed in 1953 as chief justice of
the Supreme Court
1954: Brown v. Board of Education
1966: Miranda v. Arizona
Police had to read the Miranda Rights to
people arrested to ensure they know them
1969: Tinker v. Des Moines School District
Protected 1st Amendment free speech rights of
students who protested the Vietnam War by
wearing armbands
Expanding Role of the Government

Who are the Presidents?

John Kennedy (will be assassinated; aka JFK)
Lyndon Baines Johnson (aka LBJ)
JFK Hot or Not assessment!
LBJ Great Society Chart
p833-840: Acts goal? targeted at who?
could it have been greater? how?
 Martin Luther King
Born in Atlanta, Georgia.
Graduated Morehouse
College with a Bachelor of
Arts degree in Sociology.
Later, at Boston University,
King received a Ph.D. in
systematic theology.
In 1953, at the age of 26, King
became pastor at the Dexter
Avenue Baptist Church in
Montgomery Alabama.
His starts his action with Civil
Rights as a leader during the
Montgomery Bus Boycott.
 MLK Jr. Quotes
We will not hate you, but we cannot obey your
unjust laws We will soon wear you down by our
capacity to suffer. And in winning our freedom, we will
so appeal to your heart and conscience that we will win
you in the process.
"The function of education is to teach one to think
intensively and to think critically . Intelligence plus
character - that is the goal of true education.
We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose
infinite hope.
If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if
you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do you
have to keep moving forward.
 Malcolm X
X Born in Omaha Nebraska, Malcolm Little was the
son of a Baptist preacher who urged Blacks to stand
up for their rights.
X His father was killed by White Supremacist in
Michigan, in 1931.
X After time, Malcolm moved to Harlem where he
became involved in gambling,
drug dealing and robbery.
X Malcolm was arrested at the age
of 20 for armed robbery. In jail
he studied the teaching of the
Elijah Muhammad
(leader of the Nation of Islam)
 Malcolm X Quotes!

X Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law,

respect everyone; but if someone puts his
hand on you, send him to the cemetery.
X Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can
give you equality or justice or anything. If
you're a man, you take it.
X You can't separate peace from freedom
because no one can be at peace unless he
has his freedom.