RED EYE

Tutor : dr. Wawan Susilo

Munawwarah (110 2015 0004)

Niniek Iin Fitriani (110 2015 0015)

Andira Ratu Nurrasyid (110 2015 0030)

9 th Alvi Kamal Fikri (110 2015 0043)

Sultan Govinda (110 2015 0057)

Faturrachman Mubarak (110 2015 0069)

Donita Rian Utami (110 2015 0080)

St. Umrah Hardianti (110 2015 0091)

Nur Azizah Fitriyana (110 2015 0115)

Nadiah AN-Nur (110 2015 0120)

 1st scenario

65-year-old man came to the eye polyclinic with a red right eye
complaint that has been experienced since 2 days ago.
Complaints accompanied with pain and decreased vision. History
of cataract surgery 3 days ago. On ophthalmological examination
obtained right eye visus 1/300 and left 6/48.
 Difficult Word

Visus : or vision is the special sense by which the qualities of

an object

Ophthalmologic Examination : An eye examination is a series

of tests that measure a person's ocular health and visual
status, to detect abnormalities in the components of the
visual system, and to determine how well the person can
see.
 Keywords

65-year-old man came with a red right eye complaint that has been
experienced since 2 days ago
Accompanied with pain and decreased vision
History of cataract surgery 3 days ago
Ophthalmological examination obtained right eye visus 1/300 and
left 6/48.
 Questions

1. What is the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the eye?

2. What is the cause of red eyes? And how is pathomechanism of the
sign and symptoms based on scenario?
3. What is the normal result and of vision examination? Interprets!
4. What diseases that can causes red eyes?
5. How it is relate to history of cataract surgery? And what is the
complication of cataract surgery?
6. What is the differential diagnosis?
7. How to prevent red eyes according to scenario?
1. What is the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the eye?
2. What is the cause of red eyes? And how is pathomechanism of the sign and
symptoms based on scenario?

Red eye in general:

As a result of inflammation
Tired due to activity
Sleepy, drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking

Classification:
O Red Eye Due to Infection
Red Eye by Virus
Red Eye by Bacteria
Red Eye by Chlamidia
O Red Eye Noninfection
Red Eye Due to Allergy
Red Eyes Due to Irritation
 3. What is the normal result and of vision examination? Interprets!

Ocular examination
O Testing of visual acuity
O Eksternal ocular examination
O Fundus examination

Visual acuity
1. Snellen chart
2. Counting finger

6/6 3/60
Visual acuity

4. Hand movement 5. Perceive light

1/300 1/
4. What diseases that can causes red eyes?

Normal visus Decrease vision

Normal vision with secretion

konjunctivitis

back
Normal
Normal vision
vision
No
No secretion
secretion
episkleritis

Pterygium
Pterygium

skleritis

back
Decrease vision

keratitis iritis

glaukoma
back
 5. How it is relate to history of cataract surgery? And what is the complication
of cataract surgery?

Relation history of operations with scenarios:

Red eye
Red eyes or hifema that occur after surgery (1-3 days after surgery)
usually come from an incision or iris injury, are generally mild and
spontaneously disappear within 7-10 days.
Pain in the eye
Because of corneal edema in the stroma or epithelium caused by
mechanical trauma, old irrigation, inflammation and increased intra-
ocular pressure after surgery.
In the inflammatory process, for example in the endofthalmitis, this may
occur due to the normal flora of the eyelid and conjunctival skin, eg
staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epydermidis and
corynebacterium, which will lead to infection due to the use of non-sterile
tools and poor sanitary hygiene.
 5. How it is relate to history of cataract surgery? And what is the complication
of cataract surgery?

Visus decreased
Crystalloid macular edema often results in decreased vision after
cataract surgery with either compilation or no complications. The
pathogenesis is not yet known for certain but may be due to increased
perifoveal capillary permeability, inflammation, vitreomacular traction
and prolonged or temporary hyptoni.
 6. What is the differential diagnosis?

DD

Endopthalmitis Uveitis Keratitis Glaucoma Hyphema

 Hifema
Endoptha
Clasification Keratitis Uveitis post- glaucoma
lmitis
traumatic
Red eye

Decrease of
vision
Pain

TIO - - -

Post- - - -
operation
Endoftalmitis
Endophthalmitis is defined as an inflammation
of the inner structures of the eyeball

Etiology
a. Endogen: strough blood stream from some
infected
b. Eksogen: post operation

Sign and symptoms treatment

a. Redness a. Antibiotic therapy
b. Lacrimation b. Subconjunctival injection
c. Photophobia c. Antibiotic topical
d. Loss of vision d. Systemic antibiotic
e. Ocular pain e. Steroid theraphy
f. Hypopyon f. vitrectomy
back
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) is characterized by corneal
oedema, cellular infiltration and ciliary congestion.
Etiology Sign anda symptoms
a. Bacterial a. Pain
b. Virus b. redness
c. Allergic c. Blurred vision
d. Traumatic d. Lakrimasi
e. Photophobia
f. kemosis
treatment
a. Topical antibiotic
b. Systemic antibiotic
c. Hot fementation

back
Uveitis
There is a inflammation in uveal tract. Uveitis is often
idiopathic but may be triggered by genetic, traumatic,
immune, or infectious mechanisms.
Sign and symptoms
a. Pain
b. redness
c. Photophobia
d. Blurred vision
e. Lacrimation
treatment
a. Corticosteroid
b. Immunosuppresan

back
hifema
Hyphema is defined as the presence of blood within the
aqueous fluid of the anterior chamber. The most
common cause of hyphema is trauma.

Sign and symptoms

a. Pain
b. redness
c. Blurred vision
d. Phophobia
e. Blefarospasme

back
 Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a desease because increased of IOP
with visual field defect and progressive optic
neuropaty.
Sign and symptoms
a. Pain
b. redness
c. Blurred vision
d. Nausea and vomitting

treatment
a. Goniotomy
b. trabeculotomy

back
 7. How to prevent red eyes according to scenario?

Prevention of acquired eye infection

one of the major causes of post-catarract surgery
endopthalmitis is Staphylococcus epidermidis, which often forms
colonization on the normal palpebra. Please consider the another
location of colonization or bacterial infection for example in the
urine bladder, throat, nose and skin.Operation fields, instruments,
intraocular and topical medications, and other fluids inserted into
the eye should be ensured sterile. During the postoperative period,
sterile medications should be used and should be avoided in
contact with other patients with eye infection.