WALL FINISHES

index
Plastering
1. Wall finishes
2. Internal plasters
3. Types of internal plasters
4. Lime & cement plasters
5. Lime plasters
6. Cement plasters
7. Lime & cement plasters (stucco)
 Pointing INDEX
1. Pointing
2. Types of pointing
a) Flush pointing
b) Stuck pointing
c) Recessed pointing
d) Rubbed, keyed & grooved pointing
e) Beaded pointing
f) V – grooved pointing
g) Weathered pointing
h) Tuck pointing
 INDEX
Painting
1. Water-based or latex
2. Types of painting
a) Enamel
b) Semi – gloss
c) Satin or eggshell FINISH
d) FLAT FINISH
3. Stenciling
WALL FINISHES

• Walls are the vertical • Layers of a Wall

building elements
which divide the
spaces from each
other.
• Walls generally have
load bearing,
separation, insulation
and conservation
functions.
 INTERNAL PLASTERS

• Plastering is a centuries-old craft which provides

a comparatively uneven wall with a smooth, flat
surface.
• In the past, plaster was based on lime, but today
it is also based on “gypsum” and “cement”.
• Plaster is applied to wall or other surfaces as a
wet mixture of binding material (lime, cement or
gypsum), aggregate (usually sand) and water.
 Types of Internal Plasters
1. Mineral Plasters
(Binding materials are lime, cement and gypsum
which are inorganic materials. Also aggregates
and colour pigments are obtained from natural
minerals)
1.1 Lime and Cement Plasters
1.2 Gypsum Plasters

2. Polymer Plasters
(Binding material is a polymer resin like acrylic)
 LIME AND CEMENT PLASTERS

Materials and mixes used in plastering are

either:
A matrix or
A matrix plus aggregates

MATRIX: a mix, which has a setting action.

THE AGGREGATE: the inert filler.
 Lime Plaster

• The binding material is only lime and

also include sand and water. (Kireç Sıva)
• Before the 19th century Portland cement
was not manufactured and the matrix
then used was lime.
• The mix then was: 1 part of lime + 3 part
of sand + water
 Cement Plaster

• This kind of plasters include cement as a

basic binding material.

• It is include also small amount (25 %) of

lime in order to prevent cracks and
increase workability by increasing the
setting time.
 LİME AND CEMENT PLASTER
(STUCCO)

• This kind of plasters are include cement in order to increase

the strength of the plaster.

• The ratio of the cement is 20 or 30 % of the lime ratio.

• Stucco makes an excellent exterior and interior wall covering,

as it is attested by its long and much appreciated history.
• During the old periods of time, before the Modern Era, lime has
been used in stucco as the only matrix available for builders. But
its slow hardening has led to the use of Portland cement in the
mixture of stucco, after the Portland cement was discovered at
the beginning of the 19th century. Portland cement is today the
most widely used material for such purpose.

• With white Portland cement and lime, a wide range of colors is

obtainable, particularly when colored sands and stone chips are
employed with the colored pigments. If the surface to be stuccoed
is masonry, two coats are applied; if the surface is metal lath,
three coats are required.
HAND LEVEL
FEATHER EDGE
FINISHING TROWELS
GAUGING TROWELS
PLASTERER HAWKS
• OUTSIDE CORNER TROWEL

• INSIDE CORNER TROWEL

 pointing
• Pointing is the process of filling the masonry joints with the mortar of
slightly richer mix.

• The rain water may enter through the mortar joints. Therefore, the
mortar joints in masonry are raked out to a depth of 13mm & them it
is filled with rich mortar.

• The pointing protects the joints from the entry of rain & also increase
the appearance of the surface with the different pattern of the joints,
thickness, colors & texture.
 Types of pointing

1. FLUSH POINTING
• In flush pointing, the mortar is pressed into the raked
joints & finished flush with he edges of the bricks or
stones.

• The edges are then nearly trimmed with a trowel &

straight edge.

• This is the simplest type of pointing & is extensively

used, as it does not provide any space for
accumulation of dust, water, etc.
 2. STRUCK POINTING

• In stuck pointing, the mortar is first pressed into the

raked joints & then of the joint is pressed in inclined
manner by 3 to 6 mm. with the pointing tool.

• This pointing drains of water easily.

 3. RECESSED POINTING

• Recessed pointing is done by pressing the

mortar back from the edges by 5 mm or
more.

• The face of the pointing is kept vertical, by

suitable tool. The pointing gives very good
appearance.
 4. RUBBED, KEYED & GROOVED
POINTING

• Rubbed, keyed & grooved pointing, the

mortar is pressed into the raked joints &
finished flush with the face of the wall &
then a groove is formed by pointing tool.
 5. BEADED POINTING

• Beaded pointing, the mortar is pressed into

the raked joints & finished flush with face of
the wall & then the beading is formed by
suitably shaped tool along the centraline of
the joints.
 6. V- GROOVED POINTING

• V-grooved pointing is made by

forming v-shaped groove in the flush
finished face, with suitable tool.
 7. WEATHERED POINTING

• Weathered pointing is made by forming

a projection of V-shaped; with suitable
tool.
 8. TUCK POINTING

• Tuck pointing , the mortar is first

pressed in the raked joints & finished
flush with the face of the wall & then
the top & bottom edges of the joints
are cut parallel so as to have a
uniformly raised band about 6 mm.
high & 10 mm. in width.
 PAINT
• Fastest and least expensive way to cover a wall

• Easiest way to change the look of a room

• When choosing a paint, choose a color slightly LIGHTER the color you
want.
 Water-based or latex
• Easy to apply and dries quickly, does not adhere (stick) to some
surfaces, such as bare wood

• Clean-up is easy with soap and water.

• Considered to be environmentally safe

• Solvent-based may be oil or synthetic resin called ALKYD

• Alkyd dries more quickly than oil based paints, does not contain lead

• Produces a durable and washable surface so good for walls and

ceilings of kitchens, baths.

• Mineral spirits used for cleanup

 Enamel
• Have the most gloss, have protective and decorative finish

• Used in kitchens, baths, wood trim, window sills, masonry

 Semi-gloss
• Have less gloss and are slightly less durable than enamels.

• Used in same places as enamels

 Satin or eggshell FINISH
• Have a slight sheen and used mostly on walls.

• Slightly less durable than semi-gloss

 FLAT FINISH
• No gloss and give a soft finish to walls and ceilings

• Should not be used in kitchens/baths or window sills or woodwork

• Usually the least expensive type of paint

• Most difficult to clean

Sponging
Rag Rolling
Marbleizing
• Tompe l’oeil: illusion created by paint to “fool the
eye”. Usually a 3-D scene

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TROMPE L’OEIL
 Stenciling
• Stenciling: applying paint by using a cutout form to outline a
design or lettering. Can be created or purchased.

• Can vary from simple to complex and may involve using

several paints to achieve the proper detail or effect
STENCILING