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Unit – III
DC to AC Converters
Introduction to DC – AC Converters: Inverters
i) 3-ø Inverters
ii) 1-ø Inverters: Further it classified as:
a) 1-ø half / full bridge inverters (R / R-L loads)
b) Square wave inverters
c) PWM Inverters
1 – ø Full Bridge Inverter with “R” load
S1 S3
+ Io
R - load
Vs
_
S4 S2
ii) Mode -2: (t1 to t2)
At t = t1 S1&S2 made turned off and a new pair S3&S4 turned on for same period up to time
t2 and current will flow through S3-R-S4 in reverse direction through R as shown.
Due to this conduction by S3&S4, a reverse voltage will appear across load.
S1 S3
+ R - load
Io
Vs
_
S4 S2
Performance Parameters
S1 D1 S3 D3
R - L load
+
Vs
_
S4 D4 S2 D2
i) Mode:1: ( t = t1 to t2)
At t = t1, power switches S1&S2are turned on and current flows through
S1-R-L-S2 as shown and a +ve load voltage Vo = +Vs appears across load.
During this mode energy is stored in R-L load.
S1
Io
+ + _
Vs
_ R - L load
S2
ii) Mode:2: (t = t2 to t3)
At t = t2, power switches S1&S2are turned off, so that stored energy in inductance
is released with reverse polarity i.e. load voltage becomes negative Vo = -Vs.
Due to this, stored energy in load returned back to supply by diodes D3 & D4 as
shown i.e. diodes D3 & D4 conduct during this mode.
D3
+ _ +
Vs
_ R - L load
D4
Io
Io
S3
+ _ +
Vs
_ R - L load
S4
iv) Mode:4: (t = t4 to t5) or (t0 to t1)
At t = t4 / t0 , power switches S3 & S4 are turned off, so that stored reverse
energy in inductance is released with reverse polarity i.e. load voltage becomes +ve
Vo = Vs.
Due to this, stored energy in load returned back to supply by diodes D1 & D2 as
shown i.e. diodes conduct during this mode.
D1
+ Io
Vs + _
_ R - L load
D2
Feedback diodes:
In the mode -2, diodes D3 & D4 return energy from load to supply,
also in the mode diodes D1 & D2 return energy from load to supply, therefore
these diodes are called as ‘feedback diodes’.
3 – ø Voltage source Inverter for R load
1800 Mode
Mode 1 Operation
Mode 1 Operation
0 t
3
R 3R
Req R
2 2
Vs 2Vs
i1
Req 3R
i1 R Vs
van vcn
2 3
Q1, Q5, Q6 conduct 2Vs
vbn i1 R
3
Copyright © by John Wiley & Sons 2003
MOSFETs - 16
Mode 2 Operation
Mode 2 Operation
2
t
3 3
R 3R
Req R
2 2
Vs 2Vs
i2
Req 3R
2Vs
van i2 R
3
Q1, Q2, Q6 conduct
i2 R Vs
vbn vcn
Copyright © by John Wiley & Sons 2003
2 3
MOSFETs - 18
Mode 3 Operation
Mode 3 Operation
2
t
3
R 3R
Req R
2 2
Vs 2Vs
i3
Req 3R
i3
van vbn
2
Q1, Q2, Q3 conduct 2Vs
vcn i3 R
3
Copyright © by John Wiley & Sons 2003
MOSFETs - 20
Thank You