The criticsm is elaine showalter and he critizise about Thomas Hardy in writter as a reader and Elizabeth Barrow and Muriel Spark in writter as a writter. What is Feminist Critism ?
Feminist criticism is the literary and
critical theory that explores the bias in favor of the male gender in literature, and which reexamines all literature from a feminist point of view. [ Stephen, Martin. 2013, English Literature; A student Guide, pg. 30] What is Feminist Critism ?
In feminist critique in woman as a reader
elaine said that “woman as the consumer of male produced literature and with the way in which the hypothesis of a female reader chanfges our apprehension of a given text. Awakening us to the significance of its sexual codes. Writers in Feminist critism • Simone de Beavouir’s – social construction of gender and distinguishing between sex and gender • Kate Millett’s – Sex-role stereotyping and Patriarchial • Elaine Showalter - feminist critique, gynocritics and Female Culture In Toward a Feminist Poetics Showalter divides feminist criticism into two sections:
1. The Woman as Reader or Feminist
Critique 2. The Woman as Writer or Gynocritics and Female Culture The Woman as Reader or Feminist Critique
“Feminist critique,” which focuses on “woman
as reader – with woman as the consumer of a male-produced literature,” and
She provides an exemplary feminist critique of
Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge to demonstrate that “one of the problems of the feminist critique is that is male-oriented. The Woman as Reader or Feminist Critique
Let's see in hardy's essay
“to shake loose from one's wife; to discard the drooping rag of woman, with her mute complaints and maddening passivity; to escape not by a slinking abandonment but through the public sale of her body to a stranger, as horses are sold at a fair and thus to wrest, through sheer amoral wilfulness, a second chance out of life. It is with this stroke, so insidiously attractive to male fantasy, that the mayor of casterbridge begins”. The Woman as Reader or Feminist Critique
• On that scene hardy said that the drunken husband
(Michael Hendcard) selling his wife and his infant daughter for five guineas at a country fair. The Woman as Writer or Gynocritics
“Gynocritics,” which “is concerned with woman
as writer – with woman as the producer of textual meaning.” Showalter presents gynocritics as a way “to construct a female framework for the analysis of women’s literature and the problem of a female language; the trajectory of the individual or collective female literary career and literary history". Gynocritics ; Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Muriel Spark
In this chapter, Elaine Showalter explains that ‘gynocritics must also
take into account personal histories in determining women’s literary choices and careers.
In order to support her statement, the feminist analyst shows how
Elizabeth Barrett’s husband, Robert Browning, influenced her (Elizabeth’s) work as an artist. Showalter affirms that it is known ‘how susceptible women writers .
Barrett Browning’s letters of the 1850s the painful, halting, familiar
struggle between her womanly love and ambition for her husband and her conflicting commitment to her own work. Three Phases of Feminism
1. The Feminine phase (1840–1880):
2. The Feminist phase (1880–1920): 3. The Female phase (1920— ) The Feminine phase (1840–1880):
• it is characterized by “women [writing] in
an effort to equal the intellectual achievements of the male culture… • The distinguishing sign of this period is the male pseudonym… [which] exerts an irregular pressure on the narrative, affecting tone, diction, structure, and characterization.” The Feminist phase (1880–1920):
• Helena Cixous: “Censor the body and
you censor breath and speech at the same time. Write yourself. Your body must be heard.” • . . . wherein “women are historically enabled to reject the accommodating postures of femininity and to use literature to dramatise the ordeals of wronged womanhood.” The Female phase (1920— ) • “women reject both imitation and protest— two forms of dependency—and turn instead to female experience as the source of an autonomous art, extending the feminist analysis of culture to the forms and techniques of literature”. The Term • Feminine: a set of cultural characteristics given by the society • Feminist: a political position referring to a woman striving for an equality of right • Female: a matter of biology What does the writer want to show through the short story ? The writer does make clear that the problem is sexism and that clarity help us female and male have been socialized from birth on to accept sexist thought and action. As a consequences, females can be just as sexist as men and while that doesn’t excuse or justify male domination. Halllo • http://historiacultural.mpbnet.com.br/fem inismo/Toward_a_Feminist_Poetics.htm • (sebagian text feminism di fc ada disini) • Thanks Daftar Pertanyaan mngg kmren
• Who is the writers in this critism ?
• What does the writers criticize in this writing ? • What theory does the critics use in his critism ? • What do you know about the theory of formalism ? • What does the writers want to show through the short story ?