PSIKOLOGI LANSIA

LANSIA
• PENUAAN ADL PROSES PERKEMBANGAN
YG BERLANGSUNG SEJAK LAHIR, BAIK
SCR BIOLOGIS, PSIKOLOGIS, SOSIOLOGIS,
DAN PERILAKU
• GERONTOLOGI:
• YOUNG – OLD (65-74)
• MIDDLE OLD (75-84)
• OLD-OLD (DI ATAS 85)
• A life span perspective on health was proposed by
Spiro (2001), which is characterized by several axioms.
• First, health is a life-long process. It has genetic origins;
it develops during infancy, childhood, and adulthood as
a result of gene–environment interactions, as well as
elements of volition/choices, and undergoes
continuous change across the life span. Health during
later life is an outcome of factors
• Second, health is characterized by multidimensionality.
In 1948, the World Health Organization defined health
as ‘‘a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity/feeble’’
• Third, the obvious corollary is that the study of health
is inherently multidisciplinary. Enhanced understanding
of health is possible only as a result of multidisciplinary
collaboration.
• Fourth, there are always gains and losses in
development. This principle of multidirectionality
suggests a focus on positive as well as negative
outcomes.
• However, most theories of successful aging focus on
the prevention of loss (e.g., Rowe & Kahn, 1997) rather
than what may be gained in optimal aging.
• While wisdom is an obvious component of optimal
aging, it is difficult to show that wisdom increases with
age
• From a life span developmental viewpoint,
Rowe and Kahn (1997) appropriately defined
healthy aging in terms of multiple dimensions:
as absence of disease and good physical
function, intact cognition, and an active
engagement with life. Their model is
hierarchical in that good physical health is
considered to be primary to good cognitive
and maintenance of activities of daily living
(ADLs), which are, in turn, necessary for high
levels of social integration and ‘‘productive’’
behavior.
PERNYATAAN SS S TS STS
SETELAH 65 TH, SEMUA ORANG SEMAKIN LAMA
AKAN SEMAKIN LEMAH
SEMUA ORANG TUA PADA DASARNYA SAMA
USIA LANJUT ADALAH BENTUK PENYAKIT
MENJADI ORANG TUA ADALAH MUDAH
ORANG HARUS PENSIUN DI USIA 65 TH KARENA
SUDAH TIDAK PRODUKTIF
ORANG TUA KEHILANGAN KREATIVITAS
SEMAKIN TUA, SEMAKIN TIDAK FLEKSIBEL PIKIRAN
DAN PERILAKUNYA
LANSIA TIDAK DAPAT MEMPELAJARI KETRAMPILAN
BARU
SETELAH UMUR 70 TH, KEMAMPUAN SEKSUAL
SUDAH TIDAK ADA
PADA USIA 80 TAHUN, LANSIA TIDAK DAPAT HIDUP
MANDIRI
 MASALAH LANSIA
• STEREOTYPE LANSIA: FISIK LEMAH, MENTAL
MENURUN, TDK DPT MENGHADAPI MASALAH
RUTIN KESEHARIAN, BINGGUNG THD
TEHNOLOGI MODERN, BEBAN U/ ORANG
MUDA
• PERUSAHAAN TIDAK MENGAKUI MRK SBG
KANDIDAT PEKERJA
• PARAMEDIS BERSIKAP SBG PATRON
/MENGENDALIKAN, MEMPERLAKUKAN SPT
ANAK2, BERASUMSI MRK RENTAN
• DISKRIMINASI SBG ANGGOTA KAUM
MINORITAS
• ISTILAH2 TIDAK MENYENANGKAN SPT
OUTMODELED, EKSENTRIK
• DIANGGAP TIDAK BOLEH KELUAR DR PAKEM
• SECARA SALAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN
SENILITAS / DEMENTIA, PIKUN  PERILAKU
SPT ANAK & DISINTEGRASI MENTAL (HANYA
TJD PD 6% SJ)
• KECENDERUNGAN UTK MENGHADAPI
LANSIA DG HELPLESS/TIDAK BERDAYA
• TIDAK MENGANGGAP KEINGINAN
LANSIA UTK MANDIRI
• BERHARAP MEREKA TIDAK SESEHAT SPT
KETIKA MSH MUDA  50% LANSIA
BOSAN & TDK AKTIF, & DMK MRK
MENGANGGAP KESEHATAN MRK BURUK.
& HARAPAN ITU MJD KENYATAAN
• four domains of everyday life which together
illustrate important aspects of how older people
characteristically live their lifestyles as reflected
in their sexuality, leisure, interpersonal
relationships, and living arrangements. Lifestyles
are recognized to be determined both by the
personal and social characteristics and needs of
people, and by the restraints and resources of
the environmental context. Far from being
steady states, lifestyles are dynamic.
• They can and do change. The observed changes
reflect age-related factors such as health, the
experience of different age cohorts, social
values, and sociopolitical institutions.
GANGGUAN PSIKOLOGIS LANSIA
• PENYALAHGUNAAN OBAT  RESEP OBAT, KRN
PENYAKIT KRONIK
• GANGGUAN MEMORI RINGAN  MENURUNNYA
SHORT TERM MEMORY, KEMAMPUAN KONSENTRASI,
WAKTU REAKSI
• MENINGKATNYA KEMAMPUAN INTELEKTUAL 
KETRAMPILAN VERBAL, KETRAMPILAN VISUAL
(MENEMUKAN FIGUR SEDERHANA)
• FLEKSIBILITAS PIKIRAN MASIH SAMA DG USIA DEWASA
• KAPASITAS KREATIVITAS SAMA SPT UDIA DEWASA 
TOLSTOY, VOLTAIRE, PICASSO MSH AKTIF & KREATIF DI
USIA 70 AN
 SENILITAS/DEMENTIA & ALZHEIMER
• 8%
• KERUSAKAN PROGRESIF MEMORI DAN FUNGSI
MENTAL LAINNYA YG BERHUBUNGAN DG
BERTAMBAHNYA UMUR
• DISEBABKAN OLEH DEGENERASI UKURAN OTAK
TENGAH & URAT DARAH KECIL
• DAPAT TERJADI DI USIA MUDA YG TERUS
BERLANJUT HINGGA TUA  GRADUAL ONSET
• BERHUBUNGAN DG LATAR BELAKANG GENETIK
& KERUSAKAN BIOKIMIAWI SPESIFIK
SIMTOM DIAGNOSIS PEMBANDING
• KONDISI SAMA DG SENILE JG TERJADI PD :
• DEPRESI KRN KEHILANGAN KELUARGA,
CEMAS BERKAITAN DG UANG,
KEHILANGAN KEMERDEKAAN
• MALNUTRISI
• DISFUNGSI GLANDULAR  MSLH TIROID
• KERACUNAN OBAT
• INFEKSI
 MASALAH EMOSI
• PERUBAHAN UMUR TIDAK MEMBAWA
PERUBAHAN EMOSI SCR RADIKAL
• USIA TDK MERUBAH KEPRIBADIAN DASAR
• STRES JENIS BARU AKAN MENDATANGI LANSIA
SHG MEMBUAT EMOSI TEGANG BAHKAN UTK
ORANG DG RESILIEN (DAYA TAHAN) TINGGI
• KEHILANGAN PERAN KERJA  PENSIUN, RASA
KEHILANGAN, KESEPIAN
• KEHILANGAN ORANG YG DISAYANGI  SAUDARA,
PASANGAN HIDUP, TEMAN, KEHILANGAN STATUS
SOSIAL /JANDA/DUDA, KEHILANGAN RASA BHW IA
BERHARGA/BERGUNA SHG LANSIA :
• DEPRESI,
• SAKIT FISIK (biasanya kronik)
• PENGHASILAN MENURUN
• PINDAH TEMPAT TINGGAL
• TAKUT AKAN DIJADIKAN TARGET KEJAHATAN
• RASA BERSALAH DR MASA LALU
• HILANG KONTROL THD DIRI
• HELPLESS
 LAKI-LAKI VS. PEREMPUAN
• PEREMPUAN LEBIH RENTAN
• LAKI2  RAMBUT ABU2 & KERUTAN DIPANDANG
SEBG TANDA KEMATANGAN, KARAKTER
• PEREMPUAN  KEHILANGAN KECANTIKAN & TDK
MENGGAIRAHKAN
• LAKI2 USIA 60 DIPANDANG WIBAWA, PEREMPUAN
DIPANDANG TUA, TIDAK BERHARGA
• PEREMPUAN LEBIH TUA 7TH DIBANDING LAKI2 SHG
BEBAN YG DITANGGUNG LBH BANYAK 
PENDAPATAN MENURUN, PENYAKIT KRONIS,
KEHILANGAN, KESEPIAN, & CEMAS
 SUKSES LANSIA
• MEMBENTUK KEBIASAAN BAIK UTK MEMPERBAIKI
KESEHATAN FISIK & EMOSI  KONTROL BERAT BADAN,
MINUM ALKOHOL, MEROKOK, MEDICAL CHECKUP
• KEBAHAGIAAN DLM RUMAH TANGGA
• HUBUNGAN KELUARGA STABIL
• RELAKS
• MENGHINDARI KETEGANGAN
• Olah Raga`aq

• NUTRISI NON KOLESTEROL, KALORI MINIMAL

• MERENCANAKAN/MEMPERSIAPKAN MASA
DEPAN  PENSIUN, PENGHASILAN
BERKURANG, KEHILANGAN REKAN  SELF
HELP BOOK, TERAPI KELOMPOK, IKUT DLM
KELOMPOK NONWORK (KESAMAAN HOBI, OR,
PENGAJIAN)
 • SEKSUALITAS  TIDAK ADA
BATASAN WAKTU UTK
KESENANGAN BERSAMA
WELL BEING PASANGAN, TERMASUK DLM SEKS
& WHOLE • SPECIAL NEEDS  KONTAK
PERSON SOSIAL, PARTISIPASI DLM
ORGANISASI SOSIAL  SALING
MENASEHATI, BERBAGI
INFORMASI, DUKUNGAN
• Psychological environment 
rumah, lingkungan hidup
dantempat berobat yg
mengakomodasi kondisi lansia