Introduction to Computer

History of Computer Development

• 1943 – First digital
computer was developed
(Colossus Mark I)
• 1946 – First general
purpose computer was
developed (ENIAC)
• 1951 – First commercial
computer. (UNIVAC-1)
History of Computer Development
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer Universal Automatic Computer - I
Trivia about First Generation
Computers
• UNIVAC-I was used
to process payroll of
General Electric
• They ran on vacuum
tubes.
• Access speed is
milliseconds
• Less the 10 KB of
storage.
Second Generation Computers
• Developed in the
1950s
• IBM 1401 and IBM
1620
• Transistors were
used
• Microseconds were
used to measure
access speed.
Second Generation Computers
IBM 1401 IBM 1620
Third Generation Computers
• Introduced in the
1960s
• Microminiature
• Speed is measured in
nanoseconds
(billionths)
• Only 110 K of memory
• Hard disks are not
encased.
Personal Computers
• November 1972 -
Intel 8008 is
introduced
• This invention
allowed the
personal
computer, or the
microcomputer, be
possible.
Personal Computers
Unit II
Characteristics of Computers
• Automatic – self-instructed
• Electronic – components are made of silicon
chips
• General purpose – can be modified according to
need.
• Speed - the pace of processing information
• Reliability – consistency of producing the same
result
• Storage – the ability to store data.
A computer…
…can …cannot
• Process info fast. • Do what you didn’t
• Give accurate results. command.
• Store information. • Generate info on its
• Restore previous own.
work. • Distinguish
• Automatic correct/wrong data.
• Multitask • Correct wrong
instruction.
Classification of Computers
• Supercomputers
▫ Designed for
complex scientific
calculations.
▫ Expensive and
bulky.
Classification of Computers
• Mainframe
▫ Support
organizational
information
systems
▫ Large storage
capacity
▫ Expensive
Classification of Computers
• Minicomputer
▫ Smaller version of
mainframe
computers
▫ Less complex
processes
▫ Relatively expensive
Classification of Computers
• Personal Computer
▫ Designed for a
single user
▫ Can connect to
other users.
▫ Personalized
capabilities.
Classification of Computers
• Laptop/notebook
▫ Portable version of
the PC
▫ More expensive
than PC
Classification of Computers
• Tablet Computers
▫ Smaller than
notebook
computers
▫ More expensive
than laptop
▫ If in deadzone, can’t
receive
transmission
Classification of Computers
• Personal Digital
Assistant
▫ Small and
lightweight
▫ Accept handwriting.
▫ Access data from
servers anywhere.
Classification of Computers
• Hybrid/
Smartphones
▫ Combines text
messaging, e-mail
messaging and
other internet
services.
▫ Small keys and
screen
Classification of Computers
• Embedded
computer
▫ Integral part of
devices/special
purposes
▫ Limited
functionality
Computers developed…
Impact of Computer to Society
Positive Effects Negative Effects
• Productivity is increased. • Increased unemployment
• Information is shared easily. • Data piracy.
• Communication is now • Huge data can be sometimes
elaborate. lost.
• Data is stored and accessed
easily.
• Consistent output being
produced.