“The means through which

our needs are met.”

I. Two Types of Production
Systems
a. Manufacturing:
making goods in a
workshop or factory.

b. Construction: Building a
structure on a site.
 The Craft Approach:
1.For centuries objects
were manufactured by
people for their own use.
2.Next people specialized
into a trade
-candlemakers -tailors
-glassblowers -gunsmiths
3.Today some products
“custom made” are still
produced for individuals.
 The Factory System:

1.The Industrial Revolution

developed many new
machines.
2.This led to businessmen
starting factories

3.Factories replaced the

craft system in the
manufacturing of goods.
Mass Production:

1. The production of goods in

large quantities by groups
of workers in factories.
2. Assembly Line: the item
is moved from one work
station to the next.
-used jigs and fixtures
1. Produced a larger number
of goods at a lower cost.

2. People could afford to buy

mass produced products.

3. Provided millions of jobs

4. Unions formed, and child
labor laws were passed.
1.Entrepreneur: someone who
comes up with a new idea,
and uses that idea to make
money.
Inventors- comes up with
a totally new idea.
Innovators- improves an
existing invention.
1. Market Research is done
2. Research and development
3. Prototype is made
4. Setting up a production
line using a flowchart
5. Marketing the product
6. Set up quality control
Automation: Controlling
machines automatically.

Robotics: Automated
machines that are
controlled by computers
-don’t need coffee breaks
-can work 24 hours a day
-can do unpleasant work
 CAD/CAM:

CAD: Computer aided design

-used by designers,
drafters and engineers.

-Can run through a

“simulation”, or a series
of tests all on computer.
CAM: Computer aided
manufacturing
-computers are used to
control factory machines

CAD/CAM: allows a person

to create a design on the
computer screen, then
send it directly to a
machine tool, which
makes the part.
 Computer-integrated
Manufacturing (CIM):

Computers are used for

all business needs
-store info about raw materials
-set times for the purchase and
delivery of materials
-report on finished goods
-do the billing and accounting
1. The two production systems
are manufacturing and
construction

2. At first craftsmen made goods

by hand, then factories were built,
and began using the assembly line.

3. The assembly line divides

production into steps, and makes
use of standardized parts that
are interchangeable
4. The factory system lowered
prices, provided jobs, developed
unions and child labor laws.
5. Entrepreneurs start new
companies,invent new products
and improve old ones.
6. Automation has made factories
more efficient

7. Robots are used and can do jobs

that are dangerous or unpleasant.

8. CAD/CAM and CIM use computers

in manufacturing