Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Fiza Rehman
Clinical Psychologist
Visiting Lecturer
Introduction
• Transactional Analysis is a theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne in
the 1950s.
• Trained in Psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a theory which could be
understood and available to everyone and began to develop what
came to be called Transactional Analysis (TA).
• Used for understanding behaviors.
• Social transactions are analysed.
What is Transaction?
• The unit of social interaction is called a transaction.
• If two or more people encounter each other… sooner or later one
of them will speak, or give some other indication of acknowledging
the presence of the others. This is called transactional stimulus.
• Another person will then say or do something which is in some way
related to the stimulus, and that is called the transactional
response.
What is TA?
• The process of understanding/analyzing how people interact.
• Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that:
1. People can change
2. We all have the right to be in the world and be accepted
• TA can be used to improve communication and to understand
your own ways of behaving and communicating.
Transactional Analysis - Contracting
• Transactional Analysis is a contractual approach.
• A contract is "an explicit bilateral commitment to a well-defined course of action"
Berne E. (1966) which means that all parties need to agree:
• why they want to do something?
• with whom?
• what they are going to do?
• by when?
• any fees, payment or exchanges there will be?
For example
• Berne believed in making a commitment to "curing" his patients
rather than just understanding them.
• He introduced one of the most important aspects of TA: the
contract—an agreement entered into by both client and therapist
to pursue specific changes that the client desires
Transactional Analysis Structural Model
• Berne devised the concept of Ego States to help explain how we
are made up, and how we relate to others.
• They categorize the ways we think, feel and behave and are called
1. Parent State
2. Adult State
3. Child State
Ego States
• Parent – taught concept (e.g. “Never talk to strangers”)
• Child – felt concept (e.g. “When I saw the monster’s face, I felt
really scared”)
• Adult – learned concept ( the child can play peek-a-boo)
Identify??