CHAPTER FIVE

INFRASTRUCTURES

SUSTAINABLE
TECHNOLOGIES

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CHAPTER OVERVIEW
 SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS Infrastructure
• Supporting Operations: Information MIS Infrastructure
• Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure

 SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS

INFRASTRUCTURES
• MIS and the Environment
• Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS
Infrastructure
 SECTION 5.1

MIS
Infrastructures

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Explain MIS infrastructure and its three

primary types
2. Identify the three primary areas associated
with an information MIS infrastructure
3. Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS
infrastructure
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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A

SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

 MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how

a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data,
processes, and MIS assets
• Hardware
• Software
• Network
• Client
• Server
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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A

SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
 Supporting operations
• Information MIS infrastructure
 Supporting change
• Agile MIS Infrastructure
 Supporting the environment
• Sustainable MIS infrastructure
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SUPPORTING OPERATIONS:
INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

 Backup and recovery plan

 Disaster recovery plan
 Business continuity plan
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Backup and Recovery Plan

 Backup – An exact copy of a system’s
information
 Recovery – The ability to get a system up and
running in the event of a system crash or failure
• Fault tolerance
• Failover
• Failback
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Backup and Recovery Plan

 Disaster recovery plan - A detailed
process for recovering information or an IT
system in the event of a catastrophic
disaster such as a fire or flood
 Disaster recovery cost curve - Charts (1)
the cost to the organization of the
unavailability of information and technology
and (2) the cost to the organization of
recovering from a disaster over time
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Backup and Recovery Plan

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Backup and Recovery Plan

 Hot site - A separate and fully equipped
facility where the company can move
immediately after a disaster and resume
business
 Cold site - A separate facility that does not
have any computer equipment, but is a
place where employees can move after a
disaster
 Warm site – A separate facility with
computer equipment that requires
installation and configuration
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Business Continuity Plan

 Business continuity
planning (BCP) - A plan for
how an organization will
recover and restore partially
or completely interrupted
critical function(s) within a
predetermined time after a
disaster or extended
disruption
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Business Continuity Plan

 Emergency – a sudden
unexpected event
requiring immediate
action
 Emergency
preparedness – ensures
a company is ready to
respond to an
emergency in an
organized, timely, and
effective manner
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Business Continuity Plan

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Business Continuity Plan

 Business impact analysis – Identifies all critical business
functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have
upon them
 Technology failure – occurs when the ability of a company to
operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data
outage
 Incident – Unplanned interruption of a service
 Incident management – the process responsible for
managing how incidents are identified and corrected
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SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE

MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

 Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure

• Accessibility
• Availability
• Maintainability
• Portability
• Reliability
• Scalability
• Usability
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Accessibility
 Accessibility - Refers to the varying
levels that define what a user can
access, view, or perform when
operating a system
 Web accessibility – Allows people
with disabilities to use the Web
 Administrator access – Unrestricted
access to the entire system
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Availability
 Availability – Time frames when the
system is operational
 Unavailable – Time frames when a
system is not operating and cannot be
used
 High availability – System is
continuously operational at all times
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Maintainability
 Maintainability – How quickly a system
can transform to support environmental
changes
 Organizations must watch today’s
business, as well as tomorrow’s, when
designing and building systems
 Systems must be flexible enough to
meet all types of business changes
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Portability
 Portability – The ability of an application to
operate on different devices or software
platforms
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Reliability
 Reliability - Ensures a system is
functioning correctly and providing
accurate information
 Reliability is another term for
accuracy when discussing the
correctness of systems within the
context of efficiency IT metrics
 Vulnerability – a system weakness
that can be exploited by a threat
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Scalability
 Scalability - How well a system can
scale up, or adapt to the increased
demands of growth
 Performance - Measures how quickly a
system performs a process or transaction
 Capacity planning - Determines future
environmental infrastructure
requirements to ensure high-quality
system performance
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Usability
 Usability – The degree to which a
system is easy to learn and efficient
and satisfying to use
 Serviceability – How quickly a
third-party can change a system to
ensure it meets user needs and the
terms of any contracts, including
agreed levels of reliability,
maintainability, or availability
 SECTION 5.2

Building
Sustainable MIS
Infrastructures

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LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Identify the environmental impacts associated
with MIS
5. Explain the three components of a sustainable
MIS infrastructures along with their business
benefits
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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

 Moore’s Law - Refers to the computer
chip performance per dollar doubles
every 18 months
 Sustainable, or “green,” MIS -
Describes the production, management,
use, and disposal of technology in a
way that minimizes damage to the
environment
 Corporate social responsibility -
Companies’ acknowledged
responsibility to society
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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Three Primary Side Effects Of Businesses’

Expanded Use Of Technology
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Increased Electronic Waste

 Ewaste - Refers to discarded, obsolete or
broken electronic devices
 Sustainable MIS disposal - Refers to the
safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of
their life cycle
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Increased Energy Consumption

 Energy consumption – The amount of energy
consumed by business processes and systems
 Huge increases in technology use have greatly
amplified energy consumption
 The energy consumed by a computer is estimated
to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount
of carbon dioxide produced by an automobile
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Increased Carbon Emissions

 Carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide and carbon

monoxide produced by business processes and
systems
 When left on continuously, a single desktop
computer and monitor can consume at least 100
watts of power per hour
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SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT:

SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
 The components of a
sustainable MIS
infrastructure include
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Grid Computing

 Grid computing - A collection of computers,

often geographically dispersed, that are
coordinated to solve a common problem
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Virtualized Computing

 Virtualization - Creates multiple “virtual”

machines on a single computing device
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Virtualized Computing
 Data center – A facility used to house
management information systems and
associated components, such as
telecommunications and storage systems
 Sustainable data centers
• Reduces carbon emissions
• Reduces required floor Space
• Chooses Geographic location
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Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing

 Multi-tenancy – The cloud means that a single

instance of a system serves multiple customers
 Single-tenancy – Each customer or tenant must
purchase and maintain an individual system
 Cloud fabric – The software that makes possible
the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-
tenancy
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Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing
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LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW

 Now that you have finished the chapter

please review the learning outcomes in
your text