PHYSICS PROJECT

Laser Security Alarm System

Submitted To : Ms Rajni .
Submitted By : Dipin Preet Singh, Divyanshu
Yadav, Divyansh Bhardwaj, Digant Gupta.
Group : C-3.
Roll No. : 401706008, 401706010,
401706009,. 1
Date of Submission :
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that our group (1st Semester B-tech)

have successfully completed this physics project
entitled " Laser Security Alarm System " under my
guidance and supervision in the academic year 2017- 2018,Ms Rajni

TEACHER SIGNATURE
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all , I heartily thank my physics Teacher , Miss Rajni

for her incomparable efforts, support and constant
cooperation indeed towards me in the completion of this
project. He has also been the vital source of encouragement
for me through the working of this project. Finally I would also
grateful to my friends and parents who devoted their
auspicious time in completion of this project.

THANKING YOU
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 PREFACE

"Our project provides complete information on the

topic "Laser Security Alarm System " and maximum
efforts have been taken to make the project more
comprehensive and lucid to understand. Our project
covers a variety of sub topics like it's working, setup,
uses in life and different aspects of Laser Security
Alarm System .

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 INDEX

 Introduction
 Components / Material Required
 Circuit Diagram
 Working
 Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System
 Advantages Of Laser Security Alarm System
 Conclusion

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 Components / Material
1. Bread Board : A
breadboard is also called
protoboard a type of
solderless electronics circuit
building base. We can build
electronic circuit on a bread
board without any soldering
! Best of all it is reusable
2: A photoresistor or light-
dependent resistor (LDR) or
photocell is a lightcontrolled
variable resistor. The resistance
of a photoresistor decreases
with increasing incident light
intensity; in other words, it
exhibits photoconductivity
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3. Resistor :A resistor is an
electrical component that limits
or regulates the flow of
electrical current in an
electronic circuit. Resistors can
also be used to provide a
specific voltage for an active
device such as a transistor.

4. NPN Transistor : NPN BC 547

is one of the two types of bipolar
transistors, consisting of a layer of
P-doped semiconductor (the
"base") between two N-doped
layers. A small current entering
the base is amplified to produce
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5.
Laser Pointer: A laser pointer or laser pen is a s
mall handheld device with a power
source (usually a battery) and a laser diode emit
ting a very narrow coherent low-
powered laser beam of visible light, intended to
be used to highlight something of
interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot
of colored light.

6. LED : A light-emitting diode (LED)

is a semiconductor device that emits
visible light when an electric current
passes through it

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7. Battery : A container
consisting of one or more
cells, in which chemical
energy is converted into
electricity and used as a
source of power.

8. Wire : Metal drawn out

into the form of a thin
flexible thread or rod. That
connects different
components in a circuit .

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9. Buzzer : An electrical
device that makes a buzzing
noise and is used for
signalling.

10. Battery Clip: It is the

thing with two studs on it, it
provides an electrical
connection to the battery.

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 INTRODUCTION

Security is a most important factor today. Technology develops day by day

in the world. The crime gang also improves their technology toper form
their operation.
So technology of security should be modern with time to protect the crime
works. We decide to make a security project as our project. In this project
we have used laser light to cover a large area.
We know laser light goes through long distance without scattering effect.
It’s also visible only at source and incident point, otherwise invisible.
These two properties help us to build up a modern security system, which
may name as “laser security”.
When any person or object crossover the laser line the security alarm will
ringing and also the focus light will “on” to focus the entrance of
unauthorized person. We can make security boundary of single laser light
by using mirror at every corner for reflection.
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Circuit Diagram

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 WORKING
1. This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor), a variable resistor in which the resistance
varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
2. The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider network, which is the main part of our security
alarm circuit.
3. We have already discussed about how transistor acts as a switch, the same principle is used here.
4. The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the voltage drop is
above cut in voltage (0.9V), the transistor is turned ON.
5. LDR has low resistance (mΩ range) in the presence of light and high resistance (MΩ range) in the
absence of light.
6. In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously Light from other
sources should not be allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in a box with a single hole to
pass LASER.
7. In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is too low, since the LASER light is continuously
allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
8. Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR (Ohm’s law)] which is insufficient to turn ON
the transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF state.
9. When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the continuous flow of LASER beam, then the light falling
on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high value in the order of MΩ range
(According to Ohm’s law V=IR).
10. While resistance increases the voltage drop also increases, when this voltage drop exceeds the cut in
voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (BC547), it will turn ON.
11. Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor, which makes the beep
sound.
12. The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security failures. 13
 Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System
1. Laser Security System Locks
Working : Laser door alarm is
based on the interruption of Laser
beam. The laser pointer is used as
the source of light beam. If
somebody tries to break the laser
path, then an alarm will be
generated in a few seconds.
Normally laser door alarm circuit
will have two sections. First one,
laser transmitter is a laser pointer
readily available. This is powered
with 9 volt DC supply and fixed on
one side of the door frame. The
receiver will have a Photo
transistor at the front end. We use
BC547 NPN transistor as a laser
sensor. 14
2. Laser System : Laser technology
products will calculate distance by
measuring the time of flight of very short
pulses of infrared light. It is different
from the traditional surveying instrument
method of measuring phase shifts by
comparing the incoming wavelength
with the phase of the outgoing light
pulse. • Solid objects will reflect back a
certain percentage of the emitted light
energy. It only needs to be a small
percentage for our sensitive detector to
pick it. We can measure the time it takes
for a laser pulse to travel to the target
and back with a reflection. By knowing
the constant speed of light we can
calculate the distance travelled. It
calculate accurate area of house and
protects it from thief's .
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3. Theft Detection by Laser Sytem : It can be
designed as a simple electronic project for
demonstration in science exhibitions. It can
also be made as a mini or major project for
electrical or electronic students. • When
making this laser security system one can
know all about laser beams and their
installation. While preparing a laser security
system, we need to concentrate on the
microcontroller program and installed with
the laser beam device. • When using
traditional photo resistors for preparing
security systems one has to consider the
natural light phenomena. Laser are strong in
beam width and can be focused on the
perfect target.
• By using laser security system one can be
safe in the case of harmful effects to the
body. As the beam width used in The laser
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security systems are not strong beam widths.
Which are used in the cutting devices
4. Other Uses Of Laser
Security Systems : The
Laser security systems
are high tech innovations
that have gained
popularity in home and
office security systems.
These are used to be
expensive solutions for
security needs.
Depending on cost and
fast technological
advancements laser
security systems
becoming more
adoptable.

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 Conclusion

• Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new &
improved burglar alarms popping up everyday.
• With rapid advancement of technology the filled is turning out
to be an area full of scope and new changes can be made to
make it’s more efficient.
• It has years to come, because security is of prime importance
to one and all.

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