EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

By:
2819231401
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
4TH YEAR
 What are embedded systems?
 Embedded System is a system which takes some inputs and
Process them based on some s/w written on it and output the
Corresponding results. It is a part of large system.
Embedded Systems components
 Microprocessors (µP)
 Busses (data, address, Input/Output)
 System clock - steps µP through each
instruction
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Real Time Clock RTC
 Communication Circuitry
Embedded System Composition
 Classification of Embedded
Systems
 Small scale (8 to16 Bit )
 Medium Scale(16 to 32 bit)
 Sophisticated embedded systems(16
to 32 bit)
 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
 The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash
programmable and erasable read only
memory (PEROM).
 manufactured using Atmel’s high-
density nonvolatile memory technology
 32 I/O lines
 256bytes of RAM for data storage
8051 Architecture
PIN Configuration
 Addressing Modes
 Direct addressing
 Indirect addressing
 Register instructions
 Immediate addressing
Operating System

USER APPLICATION

OPERATING SYSTEM

KERNEL

HARDWARE
 RTOS
 REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE THOSE OS IS WHICH
CORRECTNESS DEPEND NOT ONLY ON LOGICAL RESULT
BUT ALSO ON THE TIME IN WHICH THE RESULT IS
PRODUCED

RTOS

HARD RTOS SOFT RTOS

CONTROLLED SYSTEM THROUGH RTOS

APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

RTOS
KERNEL

HARDWARE
 FUNCTION OF RTOS
 TASK MANGEMENT
 DEVICE I/O SUPERVISOR
 TIMER
 INTER TASK COMMUNICATION
 DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION

EXAMPLE OF RTOS
RT LINUX
TORNEDO
NUTERNO
 USB
 THE MAIN PURPOSE OF USB WAS TO DEFINE
EXTERNAL EXPANSION BUS TO ADD PHERIPHERAL TO
A PC IN A EASY AND SIMPLE MANNER.

Speed of USB
High speed – 480 mbps
Low speed – 1.5 mbps
Full speed – 12 mbps
Super speed – 600 mbps
 Various versions USB:
 USB1.1 – it support full & low speed

 USB2.0 – it support full, high & low

 USB3.0 – it is the latest version of USB

it support super speed
USB system overview
USB connectors & the power
supply:

Pin No: Signal Color of the cable

1 +5V power Red

2 - Data White / Yellow

3 +Data Green / Blue

4 Ground Black/Brown
 Software used
 Keil was founded in 1986 to market add-
on products for the development tools
provided by many of the silicon vendors.
Keil implemented the first C compiler
designed from the ground-up specifically
for the 8051 microcontroller.