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• Overview
• Generic
• DL Channels and signals
• UL Channels and Signals
DL UL
RLC
MCCH
MTCH
CCCH
DTCH
BCCH
PCCH
DCCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
Logical channels
MAC
DL-SCH
MCH
UL-SCH
BCH
PCH
RACH
Transport channels
PHY
PCFICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
PHICH
PMCH
PBCH
PUCCH
PRACH
PUSCH
Air interface
eNode B
DL control
configuration
1x per cell
RNTI
DL scheduling
UL Grant
UL PWRC
n x per cell
HARQ Info
• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
... ...
Bandwidth
UL: ulChBw
DL: dlChBw
Secondary
Synchronisation Signal
Group 167
Phy L Cell ID
Physical Layer
Cell ID, Frame
Alignment
19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0
subframe = 1 ms
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol
144 Ts = 4.69 µs
160 Ts
512 Ts = 16.7 µs
Tcp = Ncp Ts Symbol Tsym = 2048 Ts = 66.67 µs
1024 Ts = 33.3 µs
RLC
MCCH
MTCH
BCCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
PCCH
MAC
DL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH
DCI
CFI
HI
PHY
PDSCH
PCFICH
PDCCH
Synch
PHICH
PMCH
PBCH
RS
Air interface
DTX
180 kHz
0.5 ms
For internal use
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
Synchronization Signals Detection
• Cell ID:
– One of 504 IDs detected from the index of PSS and the combination of two SSS segments
• CP length:
– Detected from the relative PSS-to-SSS time distance
• TDD/FDD:
– Detected from the relative PSS-to-SSS time distance
• 5ms timing:
– Detected from PSS time position
• 10ms timing:
– Detected from the interlaced SSS segments swapping:
Ä Ä
Scrambling code: C0 Scrambling code: C1 Scrambling code: C0 Scrambling code: C1
Ä Ä Ä Ä
Segment 1 Segment 2
R0 R0
R0 R0
R0 R0
l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6
R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port (DTX)
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols (RS) on this antenna port
Reference symbols on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6 l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
• Dedicated Reference Signals, support for DRS is mandatory for TDD and a
UE capability for FDD:
– Used for single layer dedicated beamforming i.e. the same precoding applied on
PDSCH and the DRS
– UE-specific
– FDM/TDMuxed with data
– Re-initialization period: each subframe
– Frequency-first mapping to REs
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
l0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
For internal use
22 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
Antenna port 5
Physical Broadcast Channel
• Frequency:
– Occupies central 72 sub-carriers (excluding the DC)
• Time:
– TTI/scrambling period: 40ms
– Duration: first 4 OFDM symbols in slot #1
• TBS:
– Fixed TB size of 40 bits (including 16 bit CRC)
• Transmission Scheme:
– QPSK, Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
– TX diversity: none, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD depending on the number of cell-specific
antenna ports
PBCH
Code and rate-matching (repetition) to number of bits available on PBCH in 40 ms
6 RBs
PBCH
Synchronization signals
1 RB
Remark: PBCH does not use blocks reserved for reference signals
PCFICH
• General
– Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) carries the CFI (Control Format Indicator)
▪ (Indicates the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of control channel information in each subframe)
– Carriers dedicated to MBSFN have no physical control channel and therefore no PCFICH
– 4 code words defined
▪ 3 CFIs used and one reserved for future use (see table below)
CFI CFI codeword <b0, b1, b2,……b31>
1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,>
4 (reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,>
• Transmitted
– In the first OFDM symbol in a subframe
– The 32 bits of the CFI are mapped to 16 REs using QPSK modulation
– PCFICH is transmitted on the same antenna ports as the PBCH (1Tx, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD)
– Cell specific offset is added
– Cell specific scrambling
frequency
frequency Ant 0 d0 d1
Resource
element Ant 1 d2 d3
group Starting position depends
on cell id Ant 2 -d1 * d0*
Distance between mini-CCEs
Ant 3 -d3 * d2*
k NscRB 2 N ID
cell DL
mod 2N RB
N RB
DL
2 N scRB 2
N g N DL
RB 8 for normal cyclic prefix
N PHICH
group
2 N g N
DL
RB 8 for extended cyclic prefix
• PHICH duration:
– 1 or 3 OFDM symbols in normal subframes (indicated via PBCH)
– 1 or 2 OFDM symbols in MBSFN subframes and in DwPTS (Downlink
Pilot Time Slot)
• PHICH linked to UL PRB
• Scattered grouping - spreads out the PHICH of adjacent PRBs to different
PHICH groups
• When DM RS (Demodulation Reference Signal) CS (Cyclic Shift) index is
configured in UL grant, use DMRS CS index as modifier to adjust PHICH
allocation
– Avoid PHICH collision e.g. in case of UL MU-MIMO
– Balance power among PHICH groups
• PHICH indexing:
– Both index of the group and within the group depend on first UL PRB index and UL
DM RS Cyclic Shift
Aggregation of 8 CCEs
Aggregation of 4 CCEs
Aggregation of 2 CCEs
Aggregation of 1 CCE
CCE number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
PSS
Total System Bandwidth e.g. 10MHz (50 RBs)
SSS
Central 72 subcarriers (6 RBs)
RS
PBCH
PDCCH
Unused / reserved
PDSCH
Frequency
For internal use Time
34 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
Exercise: PDCCH Resources
Task:
• Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
• MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
• Ng = 1/6
Solution:
- 1st symbol yields 2 RBGs per PRB x 50 PRB = 100 RBGs
- 2nd yields each 3 x 50 = 150 RBGs. Total: 250 RBGs.
- 4 RBGs for PCFICH, 2x3=6 for PHICH 240 RBGs remain for PDCCH
- 390 div 9 = 26 CCEs are available
- For 1 distribution 1xAL8 + 2xAL4 + 4xAL2+2xAL1
- Aggregation level 8 1x = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 4 2x = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 2 4x = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 1 2x = 2 CCEs
26 CCEs are consumed for 9 PDCCH.
Note: due to allocation constraints some might be blocked
PDCCHs
FEC and rate matching
Unspecified
PDCCH0 bits PDCCH1 PDCCH2 PDCCH3 PDCCH4 Unspecified bits PDCCH5 Unspecified bits
CCEs
CCE aggregation
Scrambling
• The block of quadruplets for each antenna port is permuted with the sub-block
interleaver, where interleaving is done on symbol quadruplets
• The block of permuted quadruplets are then cyclically shifted
• The quadruplets are cyclically shifted and finally mapped to resource element
groups (aka mini-CCEs), which have not been allocated to a PCFICH or a PHICH,
in a time first order.
– Example mapping for 2 TX:
3 5 8 RS
2 4 7 REG
time 1 6
frequency
• A DCI transports control information for one MAC ID, which is implicitly signaled in
the CRC.
– Format 0
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PUSCH assignments
– Format 1
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PDSCH assignments for single codeword (SCW) operation
– Format 1A
▪ Compact form for the transmission of PDSCH assignments for SCW operation. Has same size as format 0
– Format 1B
▪ Compact form like 1A but supports closed-loop rank 1 precoding
– Format 1C
▪ Signaling for PCH, RACH and BCCH on DLSCH (aka dynamic BCCH)
– Format 1D
▪ Like DCI 1A but supports power offsets for DL MU-MIMO and TPMI
– Format 2
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Closed-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 2A
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Open-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 3
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
– Format 3A
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
For internal use
44 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
DL L1/L2 - Parameters
Upper Layers
RLC
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
MAC
UL-SCH
RACH
UCI
PHY
PUCCH
PUSCH
PRACH
DRS
SRS
Air interface
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
3
QPSK
QPSK
120
193
0.2344
0.3770
modulation and coding 4 QPSK 308 0.6016
9
16QAM
16QAM
490
616
1.9141
2.4063
corresponding to the MCS for 10 64QAM 466 2.7305
12
64QAM
64QAM
567
666
3.3223
3.9023
BLER shall not exceed 10% 13 64QAM 772 4.5234
Propagation delay
Transmission UL Subframe #4
UL Subframe #0 UL Subframe #1 UL Subframe #2 UL Subframe #3 UL Subframe #5 UL Subframe #6
at UE CQI is reported
Propagation delay
1 2
1 1
0
2 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
2 1 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
2 j
2 j 2j
1 1
3
2 j
Channel SINR
An example of Best-M
Average reporting with
3 MHz BW
Subband index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PRB index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
6-7 NA NA
8-10 4 1
11-26 4 2
27-63 6 3
64-110 8 4
Periodic Aperiodic
TDD specific
•UL index (indicates which UL subframe the grant refers to)
•Downlink assignment index
freq Orthogonal DM RS
High cross-
correlation
UE 1 UE 2
UE 3
slot
For internal use
62 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number
PUCCH, UE Multiple Access Within a RB
• Format 1/1a/1b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation + block-wise
spreading
• Format 2/2a/2b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation
m=1 m=0
m=3 m=2
system
PUCCH
bandwidth
m=2 m=3
m=0 m=1
PUSCH
RB (180 kHz)
CQI symbols
• Control modulation
– CQI utilizes the same modulation as data
– ACK/NACK is transmitted always using QPSK constellation
▪ Outermost constellation points are selected in the case of 16QAM/64QAM
• PUCCH
– Format 1/1a/1b: repetition coding only
– PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b, CQI: Block coding, (20, N)
• PUSCH
– 1-bit ACK/NACK or RI: repetition coding only
– 2-bit ACK/NACK or RI: simplex coding
– 4…11 bit CQI: Block coding, (32, N)
– CQI>11 bits: Tail-biting convolutional coding (1/3), CRC
frequency dependent 5
scheduling 7
frequencies 21
one UE) 35
measurements. Low 45
case 49