9.

4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference

Perimeter of a Polygon
The perimeter of any polygon is the sum of the measures of
the line segments that form its sides. Perimeter is measured in
linear units.
Perimeter of a Triangle
a b

c
The perimeter P of a triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c
is given by the formula:
P = a + b + c.
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference

Perimeter of a Rectangle w
l

The perimeter P of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by the

formula:
P = 2l + 2w or P = 2(l + w).

s
Perimeter of a Square s

The perimeter P of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

formula:
P = 4s.
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Area of a Polygon
The amount of plane surface covered by a polygon is called its
area. Area is measured in square units.
l
Area of a Rectangle w

The area A of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by

the formula: A = l w.

s
Area of a Square s

The area A of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

formula:
P = s2.
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
h
Area of a Parallelogram
b

The area A of a parallelogram with height h and base b is

given by the formula: A = bh.

b1

Area of a Trapezoid h

b2

The area A of a trapezoid with parallel bases b1 and b2 and

height h is given by the formula:
A = (1/2) h (b1 + b2)
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference

Area of a Triangle h

b
The area A of a triangle with base b and height h is given by
the formula:
A = (1/2) b h
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle.
15 ft
Perimeter P = 2l + 2w 2(15) + 2(7) 7 ft

P = 44 ft

Area A = lw A = (15)(7) A = 105 ft2

Find the area of the trapezoid. 7 cm.

A = (1/2) h (b1 + b2) 6 cm. 5 cm. 6 cm.
A = (1/2) (5) (7 + 13)
13 cm.
A = (1/2) (5) (20)
A = 50 cm2
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Find the area of the shaded region.
Area of square – Area of triangle 4 in.

s2 – (1/2) b h 4 in.
42 – (1/2) (4)(4)
16 – 8
8 in2
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Circumference and Area of a Circle

d r

The circumference C of a circle of diameter d is given by the

formula: C   d , or C  2 r , where r is a radius.

The area A of a circle with radius r is given by the formula:

A r .2
 9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Find the area and circumference of a circle with a radius that is 6 inches
long (use 3.14 as an approximation for ).
Circumference (  3.14) Circumference ()
C=2r C=2r
C = 2 (3.14) 6 C=26
C = 37.68 in C = 37.699 in

Area (  3.14) Area ()

A =  r2 A =  r2
A = (3.14) 62 A =  62
A = 113.04 in2 A = 113.097 in2
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Space figures: Figures requiring three dimensions to
represent the figure.
Polyhedra: Three dimensional figures whose faces are made
only of polygons.
Regular Polyhedra: A polyhedra whose faces are made only
of regular polygons (all sides are equal and all angles are
equal.

9-410
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Other Polyhedra
Pyramids are made of triangular sides and a polygonal base.
Prisms have two faces in parallel planes; these faces are
congruent polygons.
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Other Space Figures
Right Circular Cones have a circle as a base and the surface
tapers to a point directly above the center of the base.
Right Circular Cylinders have two circles as bases, parallel
to each other and whose centers are directly above each other.
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume is a measure of capacity of a space figure. It is
always measured in cubic units.
Surface Area is the total region bound by two dimensions. It
is always measured in square units.
Volume and Surface Area of a Rectangular solid (box)
The volume V and surface area S of a box with length l, width
w, and height h is given by the formulas:
V = lwh
h
and
w S = 2lw + 2lh + 2hw
l
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Find the volume and surface area of the box below.

3 in.

7 in. 2 in.

V = 7(2)(3) S = 2(7)(2) + 2(7)(3) + 2(3)(2)

V = 42 in.3 S = 28 + 42 + 12
S = 82 in.2

9-414
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area of a Cube
The volume V and surface area S of a cube with side lengths of
s are given by the formulas:
V = s3
s and
s
s S = 6s2
Find the volume and surface area of the cube below.
V = 53 S = 6(5)2
V = 125 ft.3 S = 625
5 ft. S = 150 ft.2
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume of Surface Area of a Right Circular Cylinder
The volume V and surface area S of a right circular cylinder
with base radius r and height h are given by the formulas:
V = r2h
h and
r S = 2rh + 2r2
Find the volume and surface area of the cylinder below.
V = (2)2(10) S = 2(2)(10) + 2(2)2
10 m V = 40 S = 40 + 8 = 48
2m
V = 125.6 m3 S = 150.72 m2
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume of Surface Area of a Sphere
The volume V and surface area S of a sphere radius r are given
by the formulas:
V = (4/3) r3
r
and
S = 4  r2
Find the volume and surface area of the sphere below.

V = (4/3)(9)3 S = 4 (9)2
9 in. V = 972 S = 324
V = 3052.08 in.3 S = 1017.36 in.2
 9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume of Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone
The volume V and surface area S of a right circular cone with
base radius r and height h are given by the formulas:
9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Find the volume and surface area of the cone below.

h=4m V = (1/3)(3)2(4)
r=3m V = 12
V = 37.68 m3

S = 15 + 9
S = 24
S = 75.36 m2
9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Volume and Surface Area
Volume of a Pyramid
The volume V of a pyramid with height h and
base of area B is given by the formula:

Note: B represents the area of the base (l w).

Find the volume of the pyramid (rectangular base) below.

7 cm

3 cm
6 cm cm3