Weld Joint Geometry and

Welding Symbols

Types of welds
Groove welds
Welding Technology
Lee Co. ATC
Images compliments of
the American Welding Society
Types of Welds

• Numerous welds can be applied to the

various types of joints
• Considerations when choosing joint
geometry and weld types:
– accessibility to the joint for welding
– type of welding process being used
– suitability to the structural design
– cost of welding
Types of Welds

• There are nine categories of welds

associated with weld symbols
– Groove welds
– Fillet Welds
– Plug or Slot welds
– Stud welds
– Spot or projection welds
– Seam welds
– Back Or Backing welds
– Surfacing welds
– Flange Welds
Types of Welds
Groove Welds
• A groove weld is “ a weld made in a
groove between the work pieces”
• There are eight types of groove welds
– Square-groove
– Scarf
– V-groove
– Bevel-groove
– U-groove
– J-groove
– Flare-v-groove
– Flare-bevel-groove
Groove Welds
Square and double square-
groove welds

• Square-groove welds are the most economical

to use, but are limited by thickness of the
members
• Welds for one side are normally limited to a
1/4 inch or less
 Groove Welds
V-and double V-groove welds

•With thicker materials joint accessibility

must be provided for welding to ensure weld
soundness and strength
 Groove Welds
Bevel- and double-bevel-
groove welds

• Bevel- and J- groove welds are more

difficult to weld than V- or U- groove welds
• Bevel welds are easier in horizontal
 Types of Welds
U-groove and Double U-groove
• Welds in using J- and U-
grooves can be used to
minimize weld metal
• These welds are very
useful in thicker sections
 Groove Welds
J-and double-J-groove welds
• J-groove are more
difficult to weld
because of the one
vertical side (except
in horizontal)
• J-and U- are used
when economic
factors outweigh the
cost of edge
preparation
 Groove Welds
flare-bevel and flare-v-groove
welds
• Flare -bevel and
flare-v-groove welds
are used in
connection with
flanged or rounded
member
Groove Welds
Scarf
• Scarf is used for
brazing
 Groove Welds
• Their names imply what the actual
configurations look like when viewed in a
cross section
• Single groove welds are welded from only
one side
• Double groove welds are welded on both
sides
• Groove welds in many combinations are used
selection is influenced by accessibility,
economy, adaptation to structural design