VOICING

Voicing or voice is a term used

in phonetics and phonology to
characterize speech sounds, with sounds
described as either voiceless (unvoiced)
or voiced. Voicing can refer to the
articulatory process in which the vocal
cords vibrate.
Basic International Phonetic Alphabet (Consonant):
Voiced and Voiceless

NOTE:
RED - voiced consonants that are paired with
the voiceless consonants
BLUE-voiced consonants without pairs
Degrees of Voicing

•Intensity- displays sound pressure.

Sound pressure is a measure of
the tiny variations in air pressure that
we are able to perceive as sound. So, the
greater the change in pressure, the
louder the sound that we hear.

•Duration-is the length of the voiced

sounds.
Voice Onset Time

+ Aspirated
Aspiration is the strong burst of air
that accompanies either the release.

0 Tenuis
Tenius is a plosive or affricate
consonant which is unvoiced,
unaspirated, and unglottalized
( [p, t, tʃ, k] ).
- Voiced
Voice is when the vocal cords vibrate.
 A graphical representation of the VOT of voiced,
tenuis or unaspirated and aspirated stops/plosive.

Vibration

Vibration

Vibration
 ACTIVITY:

TONGUE-TWISTER

Identify the voiced and voiceless

consonantal PAIRS (e.g. /p/ and /b/)
from the tongue-twisters.
Denise sees the fleece, Denise sees the fleas. At least
Denise could sneeze and feed and freeze the fleas.
Voiceless: /s/
Voiced: /z/

There those thousand thinkers were thinking how did

the other three thieves go through.
Voiceless: /θ/
Voiced: /ð/

Yellow Jell-O, cherry cheesecake, sweet sugar cookies

and a chocolate chip shake.
Voiceless: / tʃ /
Voiced: / dʒ /
THE VOWEL OF PHONEMES

The word vowel is commonly used to mean

both vowel sounds and the written symbols that
represent them. Mainly in phonetics, a vowel is a
sound produced with no constriction in the vocal
tract .

All vowel sounds are normally uttered with

the vocal folds in vibration .
Cardinal Vowel

Cardinal vowels are set of reference

vowels used by phoneticians in describing
the sounds of languages.
The Cardinal Vowel Chart
How does the Cardinal Vowel Chart being constructed?

Cardinal Vowel Chart is derived from the

position of the tongue in pronouncing the vowels.

Cardinal Vowel tongue Cardinal Vowel tongue

position-front position-back
 A more commonly seen schematic diagram of
highest tongue positions of cardinal vowels.
 To make the figure more comprehensible, let’s have a
perfect quadrilateral form for the cardinal vowels
To summarize the Cardinal Vowel Chart:

See:
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/vowels.html
MONOPHTHONGS,
DIPHTHONGS
&
TRIPHTHONGS
 MONOPHTHONG

A monophthong is a pure vowel sound, one

whose articulation at both beginning and end is
relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or
down towards a new position of articulation.
 DIPHTHONG

A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel,

refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within
the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel
with two different targets: That is, the tongue moves
during the pronunciation of the vowel. Diphthongs
contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue
doesn't move and only one vowel sound is heard in a
syllable.
 TRIPHTHONG

A triphthong , literally "with three sounds” , is a

monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but
smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel
quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure"
vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target
articulator position, diphthongs have two, and
triphthongs three.
Website viewing:

For interactive and comprehensive details

about diphthongs and triphthongs, let’s look at the
site of ‘Voice and Speech Source’ by Eric Armstrong.

See:
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/diphthongs.html
NASAL VOWELS

Nasalization (~) refers to whether some of the air

escapes through the nose. In nasal vowels, the velum is
lowered, and some air travels through the nasal cavity as
well as the mouth. An oral vowel is a vowel in which all
air escapes through the mouth.

(E.g. In French, Saint /s ã ŋ/ )

SEMI-VOWEL

Semivowel or glide is a sound, such as

English /w/ or /j/, that is phonetically similar to
a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary
rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.
 There are dedicated letters for four semivowels
that correspond to the four close cardinal vowel sounds:

Semivowel
(Non- Example Vowel (Syllabic) Example
Syllabic)

[j] (palatal [i] (close front Feet [fi:t]

yet [j ɛ t] (English)
approximant) unrounded vowel) (English)

[ɥ]
Bonne nuit [bɔnnɥi] [y] (close front Book [bʏk]
(labio-palatal
(French) ‘Goodnight’ rounded vowel) (Southern English)
approximant)

[ɰ]
Uisa [ɰi.sä] [ɯ] (close back Geum [kɯm]
(velar
(Korean) ‘doctor’ unrounded vowel) (Korean) ‘gold’
approximant)
[w] (labiovelar [u] (close back Boot [bu:t]
wet [w ɛ t] (English)
approximant) rounded vowel) (English)
THANK YOU!

- Shin Grace T. Postrero