Germones, Joyce A.

BSN IV
- Tricuspid valve fails to develop causing
complete closure of the tricuspid valve that
results in mixed blood flow.

- Heart defect present at birth.

 Unknown.
 Occurs during fetal heart development.
 Genetic factors
 Mother who had German measles ( rubella ) or
another viral illness during early pregnancy
 A parent who has a congenital heart defect
 Older parental age at conception
 Mother’s obesity
 Drinking alcohol during pregnancy
 Smoking during pregnancy
 Mother who has poorly controlled diabetes.
 Use of some types of medication.
 The presence of Down syndrome.
 Cyanosis in newborn
 Chronic hypoxia , clubbing in children
 Heart failure
 Chronic hypoxemia
 Failure to thrive and growth retardation.
 Physical exam - listening with a stethoscope for
changes in the heart sounds
 O2 saturation
 Chest x- ray
 ECG
 Ultrasound
 Surgery
1. Glenn operation – making a passage between
the superior vena cava to the right lung
(pulmonary) artery.
2. Fontan Procedure – this operation joins the
inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries.
3. Shunting – creating a bypass from the main
blood vessel leading out of the heart to the blood
vessel leading to the lungs.
4. Atrial septostomy – creating or enlarge the
opening between the heart’s upper chambers.

5. Pulmonary artery band placement – a surgeon

might place a band around flowing to the lungs
from the heart.
- Strive for good nutrition
- Preventive antibiotics
- Practicing good oral hygiene
- Stay active
- Keep up with routine medical and well child
care.
- Keep follow up appointments with you or your
child’s doctor.
 Hypoxemia – lack of oxygen to your baby’s
tissues.

 Complications later in life :

 Pulmonary embolism
 Easy tiring when participating in activity or
exercise
 Arrhythmia
 Kidney or liver disease
 Get adequate folic acid
 Talk with your doctor about medication use
 Avoid smoking or drinking alcohol during
pregnancy.
 Avoid chemical exposure, whenever possible.
 The pulmonary vein return to the right atrium or
the superior vena cava instead to the left
atrium.
 Congenital heart defect.
 It happens as the fetal heart develops during
the 1st 8 weeks of pregnancy, causing the
vessels that bring oxygen rich blood back to
the heart from the lungs to become improperly
connected.
 Unknown

 In TAPVR, oxygen rich blood returns from the

lungs to the right atrium or to a vein flowing into
the right atrium, instead of the left side of heart.
Blood simply circles to and from the lungs and
never gets out to the body.
 Cyanosis
 Frequent respiratory infections
 Lethargy
 Poor feeding
 Poor growth
 Rapid breathing
 ECG
 Echocardiogram
 MRI of the heart
 X-ray
 Cardiac Catheterization
 Surgical repair
 Interventional catheterization
 Medications
 Breathing difficulties
 Heart failure
 Arrythmias
 Lung infections
 Pulmonary hypertension
Thank you for
listening 