Introduction

 Project based on vapor compression refrigeration system.

 In general ,various ice plants or refrigerating units uses ammonia

(NH3 ) and Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) as a primary refrigerant and
brine as a secondary refrigerant .

 In this project we are going to use tetrafluoroethane ( R-134a ) as a

primary refrigerant and Ethylene glycol (R22R36) as a secondary & water
cooled condenser.
Working Principle
(VCRS)
Our Industrial visit

1. Waghani Cold storage Kalamna, Nagpur

2. Kamptee Ice factory, Kamptee

 LINE DIAGRAM OF COLD STORAGE
.
Back pressure
valve
Chamber 1

Receiver

Expansion valves

Condenser

Compressor

Chamber 3

Motor
 Specification of cold storage
 Plant capacity :10TR

 Compressor used: Open type compressor, V-cylinder

 Condenser used: Air and Water cooled condenser

 Throttling device

 Insulator used: Brick wall with thermacole coating

 Evaporator used: ceiling type evaporator

 No. of chambers: 36

 Refrigerant used: Ammonia

Ice plant

Ammonia Ice cans

Compressor
vapors

Condenser

Evaporative coil
Ice tank

Receiver Expansion valve

Brine solution
Specification of Ice Plant

 Plant capacity 15TR

 Compressor used =open type , Compressors are V belt driven

 Evaporative Condenser : Use both air and water as the condensing medium.

 Refrigerant used: Ammonia(NH3) , Brine solution

 Expansion devices :2 no. , 5 ton & 10 ton

 Material of Ice can: galvanized aluminium sheet

Project Line diagram
Our Project

 Compressor used: Hermetically sealed compressor

 Condenser used: water cooled condenser.

 Primary Refrigerant: R134a(tetraflouroethane)

 Secondary refrigerant: Ethylene glycol(C2H4(OH)2)

 Comparison of different refrigerants
Boiling point Application
Freezing Point
at atmospheric
Refrigerant at atmospheric pressure
Name Molecular Mass pressure14.7 psia, 1
No. 14.7 psia, 1 bar abs
bar abs
(oF)
(oF)

Trichlorofluorometha 74.9(23.33ºC)
R-11 137.37 -168(-111.11ºC) Large industrial plants
ne

-252(157.77ºC)
Dichlorodifluoromet Commercial plants with
R-12 120.91 -21.8(-29.88ºC)
hane centrifugal compressors.

Small plants with

-41.3(-40.72ºC) -256(-160ºC)
Monochlorodifluoro reciprocating compressors.
R-22 86.468
methane Automotive, Medium
Temperature Refrigeration

Automotive replacement
-142(-96.66ºC) for R-12, Stationary A/C,
R-134a Tetrafluoroethane 102.03 -15(-26.1ºC) Medium Temp
Refrigeration

-107.9(-77.72ºC)
NH3 AMMONIA 17.02 -28(-33.33ºC) Large industrial plants
Properties of ethylene glycol

 Molar mass 62.068 g/m3)

 Density U132g/cm3

 Melting point-12.9 °C (260 K)

 Boiling point 197.3 °C (470 K)

 Viscosity 16.1 MPa

Some Drawbacks of Ammonia as Refrigerant
 Toxic

 Flammable

 Not compatible with copper

 Temperature on discharge side of compressor is higher compared to

other refrigerants
Advantages of our project
 By using R-134a as a primary refrigerant condenser size
should be reduced
 Water required for the condense is less as compared to use
in conventional ice plant.
 Ice can be manufacture in shorter time
 Less effect on environment when primary refrigerant is
leak.
 Hot water obtained in hot chamber can be used for various
purpose like for removing of ice from ice cans etc.
Limitations
 Ethylene glycol is toxic.

 Ethylene glycol affects the human skin.

Applications
 In automobile

 In textile industries

 In industrial Application where instant cooling required.

 Fisheries

 Chemical

 Pharmaceutical

 Commercially used in different industrial applications

 References

Refrigeration & air conditioning –R.S. Khurmi

 Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular

Toxicology 14: 273-286 (1995).

www.wikipedia.com

www.researchpapers.com

www.goolge.com