THE CHEMICAL Quitain, Shaira B.

COMPANY Regalario, June Kelvin

Type: Subsidiary and natural gas exploration and
production
Traded as: NYSE: DOW
Industry: Chemicals Parent: DowDuPont
Subsidiaries: Dow AgroSciences,
Founded:1897; 121 years ago
LLC.
Founder: Herbert Henry Dow
Union Carbide Corp.
Headquarters: Midland, Michigan,
U.S Rohm and Haas
ANGUS Chemical Company
Area served: Worldwide
Dow Roofing Systems
Products: Chemicals, plastics,
performance chemicals, catalysts,
coatings, crop technology, crude oil
The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to
as Dow, was an American multinational chemical corporation
headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the
predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont. In 2017, it
was the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world by
revenue (after BASF) and as of February 2009, the third-
largest chemical company in the world by market
capitalization (after BASF and DuPont). It ranked second in
the world by chemical production in 2014.
Dow manufactures plastics, chemicals, and agricultural
products. With a presence in about 160 countries, it
employs about 54,000 people worldwide. The
company has seven different major operating
segments, with a wide variety of products made by
each one. Dow's 2012 sales totaled approximately
$57 billion.
Dow has been called the "chemical companies'
chemical company" in that most of its sales are to
other industries rather than end-users. Dow sells
directly to end-users primarily in the human and
animal health and consumer products markets.

Dow is a member of the American Chemistry Council.

The company tagline is "Solutionism".
On September 1, 2017 it merged with DuPont to
create DowDuPont Inc., the world's largest chemical
company in terms of sales.
HISTORY
Dow was founded in 1897 by chemist Herbert Henry
Dow, who invented a new method of extracting
the bromine that was trapped underground in brine
at Midland, Michigan. Dow originally sold
only bleach and potassium bromide, achieving a
bleach output of 72 tons a day in 1902.
Early in the company's history, a group
of British manufacturers tried to drive Dow out of the
bleach business by cutting prices. Dow survived by also
cutting its prices and, although losing about $90,000
in income, began to diversify its product line. In 1905,
German bromide producers began dumping bromides
at low cost in the U.S. in an effort to prevent Dow from
expanding its sales of bromides in Europe.
Instead of competing directly for market share with
the German producers, Dow bought the cheap
German-made bromides and shipped them back to
Europe. This undercut his German competitors. Even in
its early history, Dow set a tradition of rapidly
diversifying its product line. Within twenty years, Dow
had become a major producer
of agricultural chemicals,
elemental chlorine, phenol and other dyestuffs,
and magnesium metal.
During World War I, Dow Chemical supplied many
war materials the United States had previously
imported from Germany. Dow
produced magnesium for incendiary
flares, monochlorobenzene and phenol for explosives,
and bromine for medicines and tear gas. By 1918, 90
percent of Dow Chemical production was geared
towards the war effort. At this time, Dow created the
diamond logo that is still used by the company.
After the war, Dow continued research in magnesium,
and developed refined automobile pistons that
produced more speed and better fuel efficiency. The
Dowmetal pistons were used heavily in racing vehicles,
and the 1921 winner of the Indianapolis 500 used the
Dowmetal pistons in his vehicle.

In the 1930s, Dow began producing plastic resins,

which would grow to become one of the corporation's
major businesses. Its first plastic products
were ethylcellulose, made in 1935, and polystyrene,
made in 1937.
DOW’S GROWTH HISTORY
Dow is a company that has succeeded by reinventing itself
for the times. Over nearly 125 years, from science start-up
to innovation powerhouse, Dow has continuously
transformed itself for the opportunities of each era.
oGOLDEN AGE OF INORGANICS (1897-1920)
Dow begins as a one-product start-up defined by founder H.H.
Dow, an industry pioneer.
oA SHIFT TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1920-1940)
Dow rapidly diversifies its product lines – selling agricultural
chemicals, elemental chlorine, pharmaceutical products,
magnesium metals and plastic resins, among other products.
oTHE WAR YEARS AND THE RISE OF PLASTICS AND
PETROCHEMICALS (1941-1959)
Wartime needs accelerate the research and production of
plastics, and Dow opens a consumer products division after
World War II.
oGOING GLOBAL AND THE FIRST ERA OF
COMMERCIALIZATION (1960-1989)
Dow begins its global expansion as products such as Saran
Wrap® and Scrubbing Bubbles® become household names.
oMARKET-FACING PRODUCTS AND DIVERSIFICATION
(1977-2004)
Dow shifts its focus to value-added products for automotive,
health care and packaging, among other industries.
oINNOVATION AT THE INTERSECTIONS (2004-PRESENT)
Dow is driving innovations that extract value from the material,
polymer, chemical and biological sciences to help address
many of the world’s most challenging problems.
PRODUCTS
Dow is a large producer of plastics,
including polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, p
olypropylene, and synthetic rubber. It is also a major
producer of ethylene oxide,
various acrylates, surfactants, and cellulose resins.
It produces agricultural chemicals including
the pesticide Lorsban and consumer products
including Styrofoam. Some Dow consumer products
including Saran wrap, Ziploc bags and Scrubbing
Bubbles were sold to S. C. Johnson & Son in 1997.
PERFORMANCE PLASTICS
Performance plastics make up 25 percent of Dow's
sales, with many products designed for
the automotive and construction industries. The plastics
include polyolefins such
as polyethylene and polypropylene, as well
as polystyrene used to produce Styrofoam insulating
material. Dow manufactures epoxy resin intermediates
including bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. Saran resins and
films are based on polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS
The Performance Chemicals (17 percent of sales) segment
produces chemicals and materials for water
purification, pharmaceuticals, paper coatings, paints and
advanced electronics. Major product lines include
nitroparaffins, such as nitromethane, used in the
pharmaceutical industry and manufactured by ANGUS
Chemical Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Dow
Chemical Co.
Important polymers include Dowex ion exchange
resins, acrylic and polystyrene latex, as well
as Carbowax polyethylene glycols. Specialty
chemicals are used as starting materials for
production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.
WATER PURIFICATION
Dow Water and Process Solutions (DW&PS) is
a business unit which manufactures Filmtec reverse
osmosis membranes which are used to purify water
for human use in the Middle East. The technology
was used during the 2000 Summer
Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics.
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agricultural Sciences, or (Dow AgroSciences), provides 7 percent of
sales and is responsible for a range of insecticides (such
as Lorsban), herbicides and fungicides. Seeds from genetically
modified plants are also an important area of growth for the
company. Dow AgroSciences sells seeds commercially under the
following brands: Mycogen (grain corn, silage corn, sunflowers,
alfalfa, and sorghum), Atlas (soybean), PhytoGen (cotton) and Hyland
Seeds in Canada (corn, soybean, alfalfa, navy beans and wheat).
BASIC PLASTICS
Basic plastics (26 percent of sales) end up in
everything from diaper liners to
beverage bottles and oil tanks. Products are based
on the three major polyolefins – polystyrene (such as
Styron resins), polyethylene and polypropylene.
BASIC CHEMICALS
Basic chemicals (12 percent of sales) are used internally by
Dow as raw materials and are also sold worldwide. Markets
include dry cleaning, paints and coatings, snow and ice
control and the food industry. Major products include
ethylene glycol, caustic soda, chlorine, and vinyl
chloride monomer (VCM, for making PVC). Ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide and the derived
alcohols ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are major
feedstocks for the manufacture of plastics such
as polyurethane and PET.
HYDROCARBONS AND ENERGY
The Hydrocarbons and Energy operating segment
(13 percent of sales) oversees energy management
at Dow. Fuels and oil-based raw materials are also
procured. Major feedstocks for Dow are provided
by this group, including ethylene, propylene, 1,3-
butadiene, benzene and styrene.
DOW IN BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION
Today’s modern structures must be energy efficient, safe,
durable and aesthetically pleasing. These simultaneous
requirements call for unique technologies and innovations.
At Dow, we understand that solutions to these challenges
can come from anywhere. That’s why we look beyond
traditional construction concepts to bring inspired ideas to
building and construction projects of all kinds. From modest
homes to monumental skyscrapers, Dow develops solutions
to help insulate, protect and enhance.
DOW IN AGRICULTURE
Since the 1950s, Dow’s agricultural business has been
discovering, developing and bringing sustainable solutions
to market for the growing world. We are committed to
helping farmers increase their crop productivity through
higher yields, better varieties, and targeted weed, insect,
and disease control. Our products and services balance the
needs of boosting agricultural productivity while preserving
the environment.
DOW IN AUTOMOTIVE
The automotive industry is defined by constant evolution.
Finding ways to help improve fuel economy and reduce
emissions, while enabling improvements in safety and
performance, are just some of the areas Dow works on
every day. As populations grow, and economies around the
globe develop and improve their transportation
infrastructure, Dow technologies help the world move
forward with enhanced functionality, safety and
sustainability.
DOW IN CONSUMER MARKETS
Our prescription medications, our vitamins, our body soap,
our lotion, our sunscreen, our laundry detergent, our
dishwashing soap, our clothes – these are essential
ingredients of modern, daily life and Dow plays an
important part in all of them.
Nothing is closer to us than the products we touch daily.
Whether you want to feel better, eat healthier, be and live
cleaner, Dow products help propel us through our day. We
use advanced technologies and unique formulations to
create better products that beautify, protect, and enhance.
Dow is the go-to solution provider for home, institutional,
personal care, food and pharma markets. Our technology
offerings create value by being the point of differentiation
that sets our customers’ products apart and enhances the
consumer experience.
DOW IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Dow is a global supplier of materials and technologies to
the electronics industry. Today, 95% of smart devices on
the market are manufactured using Dow innovations.
Whether it’s helping to develop vibrant displays or
enabling the creation of faster, more powerful computer
chips, Dow technologies have become key partners in the
electronics industry. Our research scientists and application
experts work closely with customers to provide solutions for
the next generation of electronics.
DOW IN ENERGY & WATER
As the world's population continues to increase and new economies
emerge, society requires novel solutions to meet its most basic
needs, like water and energy. Dow is a leader in developing
technologies to address these challenges in meaningful ways.
With regional labs around the globe, our scientists are helping to
make water safer and more accessible.
As oil and gas resources become more difficult to reach, Dow
offers advanced chemistry and technology solutions that can help
drive new production from both conventional and unconventional
sources.
DOW IN INDUSTRIAL
Dow has helped in the manufacturing of the world’s goods
and services with additive solutions that:
oMinimize friction and heat in mechanical processes
oManage the oil and water interface
oDeliver active ingredients for maximum effectiveness
oFacilitate dissolvability
oEnable product authentication
Dow has also developed innovative solutions for the
sustainable use of solvents in high quality metal cleaning
and dry cleaning applications. In addition, Dow has
developed ingredients for cleaning products used in
institutional environments.
Dow innovations have extended into the pharmaceutical
industry with solutions that help in the manufacture of
medicine.
DOW IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure is essential to daily life. It’s our roads,
bridges, buildings, and mega-structures like stadiums. It’s
also the power grid that lights our homes and connects us
to the Internet. With the world’s largest and broadest
supply of raw materials across all categories, Dow lives by
a steadfast commitment to constant R&D that ultimately
develops robust and dependable infrastructures that stand
the test of time.
DOW IN PACKAGING
Global market trends like increasing populations, rising middle
class incomes, and on-the-go lifestyles continue to drive demand
for high performance plastic packaging that extend food
freshness, improve product safety, is lighter and brighter, and
provide user-friendly functionality. Dow is a leading innovator
and collaborator on packaging technologies and solutions that
address the world’s packaging needs at all points of the farm-
to-table value chain. Dow’s product portfolio of resins, films and
adhesives is the broadest in the industry and can deliver a “total
package” that is more sustainable, cost efficient, and meet
consumer preferences around the world.
ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATES
ISO 14001 and Responsible Care:
The Dow Chemical Company has globally implemented the
International Council of Chemical Associations and American
Chemistry Council's, Responsible Care® program. The
headquarters in Midland Michigan was certified to
Responsible Care in 2005. This management system is
broader in scope than ISO-14001. In addition to the
environment, the program includes provisions for safety,
health and security as well as the publishing of specific
metrics.
TOP DOW CHEMICAL CUSTOMERS
General Motors Company
Oriental Energy Pte Ltd
DuPont
Datang International Power
Astraeus Wind Energy, Inc.
TOP DOW CHEMICAL SUPPLIERS
General Motors Company
Honeywell International, Inc.
Maverick Technologies
Oracle Corporation
Fluor Corporation
TOP DOW CHEMICAL COMPETITORS
DuPont Omnitech, Inc.
Exxon Mobil BASF
Corporation JSR Micro
Eastman Chemical Shin-Etsu Chemical
Company
Monsanto Company
TOP DOW CHEMICAL PARTNERS
Ford Motor Company
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
Monsanto Company
Solazyme, Inc.
Ahlstrom
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
COMPETITION
The Tao of Dow Chemical is its integrated production of
plastics, chemicals, hydrocarbons, and agrochemicals. The
largest chemical company in the US and #2 worldwide
behind BASF, Dow also makes performance plastics
(engineering plastics, polyurethanes, and materials)
for Dow Automotive.
It uses chlorine-based and hydrocarbon-based raw
materials to make more than 6,000 finished chemical
products at 179 sites in 35 countries.
The maker of Styrofoam insulation also is the
world's #1 producer of chlorine and caustic soda,
and a top maker of ethylene dichloride and vinyl
chloride monomer. Dow also owns silicone products
maker Dow Corning. In late 2015 Dow agreed to
merge with rival Dupont.
RAW MATERIALS
The two major raw material streams that feed the
production of the Company’s finished goods are;
hydrocarbon-based and chlorine-based raw
materials.
The Company purchases hydrocarbon raw materials
including; ethane, propane, butane, naphtha and
condensate as feedstocks.
These raw materials are used in the production of both
saleable products and energy.
The Company also purchases certain monomers, primarily
ethylene and propylene, to supplement internal production.
Expenditures for hydrocarbon feedstocks and energy
accounted for 27 percent of the Company’s production
costs and operating expenses for the year.
THE PROBLEMS DOW FACED
The main company producing Chlorpyrifos is the Dow
Chemical Company in the USA. It was introduced in 1965 and
it quickly grew to become a widely used pesticide in the
country, especially when it came to home and garden use.
In the mid-nineties, the company had to pay a huge fine
because it had information of around 250 incidents of
poisoning from its products and it never forwarded the
information reports to the EPA or the Environmental Protection
Agency in the US.
The company manufacturing Chlorpyrifos has to report any
relaease or spill that is over a pound in weight to the
authorities and it is also stated that children should not be
allowed to drink water than contains Chlorpyrifos in levels
upwards of 0.03 mg a liter.
The trouble is, the Dow Chemical Company knew full well that
as Chloypyrifos is a compound that is semi-volatile, it tends to
volatize after it is sprayed or applied and then it settles back
on the surface of any object in the vicinity.
However, this was a well kept secret that the company
chose not to divulge to their consumers, always stating that
their products were safe.
In 2001, the company was costrained from supplying
products for the home and the use of their products was
mainly for the agricultural industry.