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Integration is the reverse process of
differentiation
Differentiation dy
y = f(x) f ' ( x)
Integration dx
g ( x)dx f ( x) c
d
If [ f ( x)] g ( x) then
dx
Always include
constant of
integration, c
d 6 5
Given ( x ) 6 x
5
6 x dx
find dx
d 6
Given ( x ) 6 x 5
dx
6 x dx x c
5 6
d
Given (2 x 7 5 x) 14 x 6 5 ,
dx
find
6
14 x 5dx
d
Given (2 x 5 x) 14 x 5,
7 6
dx
(14 x 5)dx 2 x 5 x c
6 7
Integrals of expression of the form axn
ydx adx ax c
Ex: Find
5dx
Solution:
5dx 5 x c
2. If y = xn where n is an integer, n, -1 then
n 1
x
n
x dx c
n 1
Ex: Find 4
x dx
Solution: 5
x
4
x dx c
5
3. If y = axn where n is an integer, n, -1 then
n 1
ax
n
ax dx c
n 1
Ex: Find 4
6 x dx
Solution:
5
6x
6 x dx 5 c
4
4. [ f ( x) g ( x)]dx f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
5 3
Ex: Find [( 2 x 1) (3 x 4 x )]dx
Solution:
5 3
( 2 x 1) dx (3 x 4 x )dx
2x2 3x 6 4 x 4
( x) ( )c
2 6 4
6
x
x2 x x4 c
2
n 1
(ax b)
5.
(ax b) dx a(n 1) c
n
(2 x 7) dx
3 5
Ex: Find
(3x 5)4 dx
5
Solution: ( 2 x 7 ) dx
1 51 3
(2 x (73) x 5c )
23
(5 1)
( 2 x 7) 6
c
12
1
4
Find ( x 3
1) dx
x
3
x 4
x 1dx
x 5 x 2
xc
5 2
x5 1
2 xc
5 2x
4
Find x( x x 3)dx
2
( 4 x 3 x ) dx
3 2
x 3x
4x c
3 2
Integrate x 4
3
with respect to x
2
x
x3 4
x 2 dx
3
x 4
x 2 x 2 dx
2
x 4 x dx
x2 x 1
4 c
2 1
2
x 4
c
2 x
Find the integral of 5(4 x 1) dx
4
4
5( 4 x 1) dx
5(4 x 1) 5
c
5(4)
(4 x 1)5
c
4
Find the integral of
x 4x 4
2
x 2 dx
x2 4x 4
x 2 dx
( x 2) 2
x 2 dx
( x 2)dx
2
x
2x c
2
Integrate x 9
2
with respect to x
x 3 dx
x 9
2
x3 dx
( x 3)( x 3)
x 3 dx
( x 3) dx
2
x
3x c
2
Find the integral of the following expressions:
(a ) (2 x 1) dx
2
x
4 x3 ( 2 x 1) 3
(a) 2 x 2 x c or c
3 6
2
x
b) x 3 2 x c
2
9 1
(c ) 4 c
4x x
4 x3 2
(d ) c
3 x
d 2x 4
Given that 2 2 f ( x), find
dx x 1 f ( x) dx
x2
c
x 1
2
Chong Pak
Cheong:
Page : 204
Questions: 12
Jeng….jeng….jeng…
a) (3x 2 2 x 1)dx Answer c) x 3 (1 5x 2 )dx
3x 3 2 x 2
3
2
xc
( x 3 5 x 5 )dx
x3 x2 x c x 4 5x 6
c
4 6
3( x 3 1)
b) (2 x) (1 3x)dx
2
d) x 5
dx
3x 3 3
(4 8 x 11x 2 3x 3 )dx
( 5 5 )dx
x x
4x 4x
11x 3 3x 4
2
c (3x 2
3x 5 )dx
3 4
3 3
4 c
x 4x
5x 3 2 x 2 2 x 2 50
e) x 2
dx g) x5
dx
5x 3 2 x 2 2( x 5)( x 5)
( 2 2 )dx
x x
x5
dx
(5 x 2)dx (2 x 10)dx
5x 2 x 2 10 x c
2x c
2
1 6x 9x 2
h) 5(6 x 7) 4 dx
f) 1 3x
dx
5(6 x 7) 5
(1 3 x)(1 3 x) c
5 6
1 3x
dx
(6 x 7 ) 5
(1 3x)dx c
6
3x 2
x c
2
1
i) (1 2 x) 5
dx
(1 2 x) 5 dx
Write these on your
4
(1 2 x)
(4) (2)
c friend’s paper:
1
c Marks Range:
8(1 2 x) 4
dy
y dx
dx
The gradientdy
function of a curve is
given by dx 6 x 2
4x
Given that the curve passes through
point (2,-1), find the equation of the
curve.
dy
6x2 4x
dx
y (6 x 2 4 x)dx
6 x3 4 x 2
y c
3 2
y 2 x3 2 x 2 c
at (2,1),
1 2( 2) 3 2( 2) 2 c
c 9
y 2 x3 2 x 2 9
dy
Given that and
4x 3 5
dx
y=5 when x =1, express y
in terms of x .
dy
4x 3 5
dx
dy 5 4 x
dx 3
5 4x
y ( )dx
3 3
5 4x2
y x c
3 6
at (1,5)
5 2(1) 2
5 (1) c
3 3
c4
5x 2 x 2
y 4
3
2
d y dy
Given that 2
2 x 3, 5 and
dx dx
y 2 when x 1, find y in terms of x.
dy
x 2 3x c
dx
5 (1) 2 3(1) C
C 7
dy
x 2 3x 7
dx
x 3 3x 2
y 7x c
3 2
1 3(1)
2 7c
3 2
47
c
6
x 3 3x 2 47
y 7x
3 2 6
TRIAL TERENGGANU 2008
Given that kx x is a gradient function of a curve
2
dy
(b) 6x2 x
dx
2
x
y 2 x3 c
2
(1) 2
2 2(1)
3
c
2
7
c
2
2
x 7
y 2 x3 or 2 y 4 x 3 x 2 7
2 2
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 204
Questions: 7 - 11
b
Definite Integral of g(x)
a
g ( x ) dx from x=a to x = b
a is lower limit
b is upper limit
b
g ( x ) dx [ f ( x )]
a f (b ) f ( a )
a
1
1
Evaluate 0 ( x 4)( x 2 )dx
Solution:
1
7
0 ( x 2 x 2)dx
2
3 2
x 7x
[ 2 x]10
3 4
1 7
( 2) ( 0)
3 4
4 21 24 GOOD!
( )
12
41
12
KEDAH TRIAL 2008
4
k 6
Given that dx ,
2
(3x 5) 2
7
find the value of k
Solution:
k (3x 5)
2
dx
2
4
k (3x 5)
1
6
1(3) 2 7
k 3
Properties of Definite Integrals.
a
a
f ( x)dx 0
Ex:
5
5
xdx 0
Properties of Definite Integrals.
b b
a
kf ( x ) dx k
a
f ( x ) dx
3
Given that f ( x)dx 9 .
1
3
Find the value of
1
6 f ( x ) dx
Solution:
3
6 f ( x)dx
1
GREAT!
6(9)
54
Properties of Definite Integrals.
b a
a
f ( x)dx f ( x)dx
b
3
Given that f ( x)dx 9 .
1
1
Find the value of
3
f ( x)dx
Solution:
1 3
3
f ( x)dx f ( x)dx
1
9 Fuyoo!
Properties of Definite Integrals.
b b b
Given that
5
g ( x)dx 6
1
and
1
[ g ( x ) kx]dx 42
g ( x)dx kxdx 42
1 1
2
kx 5
6 [ ]1 42
2
25k k
36 SUPERB!
2 2
24k 72
k 3
Properties of Definite Integrals.
c b c
a
f ( x)dx f ( x)dx f ( x)dx
a b
Ex :
7 4 7
2
( 2 x 1) dx
2
( 2 x 1) dx
4
( 2 x 1) dx
3
Given that
1
f ( x)dx . 7
2 3
Find the value of f ( x)dx [ f ( x) 4 x]dx
1 2
Solution:
2 3
f ( x)dx [ f ( x) 4 x]dx
1 2
2 3 3
7 (18 8)
3
TRIAL MARA 2006
3 2
Given that f ( x)dx 4, find
2
the value of 5 f ( x) 3xdx.
3
Solution:
1
3x 5 x
2
dx
1
2
3x 51
[ ]1
2 x
3 3 HOORAY!
( 5) ( 5)
2 2
10
shown
TRIAL MARA 2005
d x 1
2
Given f ( x),
dx 2 x 3
1
find the value of f ( x) x dx.
0
Solution:
x2 1
Known that f ( x) dx
2x 3
1 1 1
f ( x) xdx f ( x) dx x dx
0 0 0
1 1
x 1 x
2 2
2x 30 2 0
7
6
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 205
Questions: 13-14
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
C
O X
3
SOLUTION……
USING DEFINITE
INTEGRAL
USING FORMULA
OF TRIANGLE
3
A 2x dx
0
1
A 3 6 A
x2
3
A
= 2 0
A90
A 9 unit 2
A 9 unit 2
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
C
O X
3
Area between the graph and
Y x-axis
y=f(x)
b
A y dx
a
X
a b
Example 1
Y X 3
2
0 X
1
1
A x 2
3 dx
0
3 1
x
A 3x
3 0
13 03
A 31 30
3 3
10 2
A unit
3
Example 2
0 X
4
-1
1 4
area A x 2 1dx area B x 2 1dx
0 1
1 4
x3 x3
x x
3
0 3
1
13 0 3
1 0 4 3 13
3 3 4 1
3 3
2
unit2
3 18 unit2
2
unit2
Area can
3 only take
2 56
+ve value Total area 18 unit2
3 3
Y2 X 4
4
X
0
4
A y 2
4 dy
2
3 4
y
A 4y
3 2
4 3 23
A 44 42
3 3
32 2
A unit
3
Example 4
3
X 1Y 2
1
X
0
3
3
area A 1 y 2 dy
area B 1 y 2 dy
0
1
3
1
y3
y3
y y
3
3 3 0
1 area A 1 y dx2
31 0
3 3
3
3
1
3
1
3 1 y1 y 3
0
3 3 3
3
3
1
2
3 1 1
3 3
1 3
3 9 1 0 3
3
3 3
1
3 9 1
3
20 220 2 2
unit2 3 unitunit
3 3
20
unit2
20 3
unit2
3
20 2 22
Total area unit2
3 3 3
1
X
0
y x 3......... .........( 1) Area of the shaded region
y x 2 1......... .......(2)
=A trapezium-A under a curve
2
Substitute (2) into (1) 1
x2 1 x 3 2 5 3 (x 2 1)dx
2 1
x2 x 2 0
(x 1)(x 2) 0
2
21 x 3 2
3 x 1
x 1, x 2
21
When x=-1, y=2 6
2
When x=2, y=5 4.5unit2
Hence, M(-1,2) and N(2,5)
Example 6
M(1,2)
1
N
X
0 6
Area of the shaded region
=A under a curve +A of triangle
1
1
2
(x 1)dx (6 1)(2)
0
2
x3
3
1
x 0 5
4
5
3
19
unit2
3
Example 7
TRIAL JOHOR 2008
Diagram shows part of the curve y = 9 – x2 .The straight line
intersects the y-axis at (0, k) and intersects the x-axis at ( 6, 0 ).
y
(0, k)
y=9- x2
0 6 X
Given that the area of the shaded region is 12 unit2 .
Find the value of k.
1
Area of triangle k 6
2
3k
Finding roots of curve :
9 x2 0
x 3
3
Area under the curve 9 x 2 dx
0
3
x 3
9 x
3 0
18
Area of shaded region :
3k 18 12
k 10.
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 205 - 207
Questions: 15 - 25
Question: If you have a cylinder with
a radius "z" and a height of "a", then
what is the volume?
VOLUME OF REVOLUTIONS
USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
Volume of solid generated when a
shaded region revolves 3600 about
Y the x-axis
b
a b
X
V π y 2 dx
a
Example 1
y = 5 - x2
0 X
2
2
V y 2 dx
0
V 5 x dx
2
2 2
25 10 x
2
V 2
x 4 dx
0
2
10 x x 3 5
V 25 x
3 5 0
10(0) 3 0
5
10(2) 3 (2) 5
V (25(2) ) (25(0) )
3 5 3 5
446
V 0
15
446
V unit3
15
Example 2
X
1 2
0
2
V dx
2
y
1
4 x dx
2
V 2 2
16 x dx
2
V 4
1
2
16 x 5
V
5 1
16( 2) 5 16(1) 5
V ( )( )
5 5
496
V unit3
5
Volume of solid generated when a
shaded region revolves 3600 about
the y-axis
Y
b b
V πx2 dy
a
a
X
Example 3
0 X
when
x 0, y 2
6
V dy
2
x
2
6
V y 2 dy
2
6
y2
V 2 y
2 2
( 6) 2 ( 2) 2
V ( 2(6)) ( 2( 2))
2 2
V 6 ( 2)
V 8unit3
Example 4
X
0
when
x 0, y 0,2
2
V x 2 dy
1
2
V y 2 2 y dy
2
V ( y4 4 y3 4 y 2 ) 1
2
2
y 4y
5 3
V ( y 4
5 3 1
(2) 5 4(2) 3 (1) 5 4(1) 3
V ( (2)
4
)( (1)
4
)
5 3 5 3
16 8
V
15 15
8
V unit 3
15
Example 5
Diagram below shows the curve y=16-x2 and the
straight line y=6x.
a) Find the coordinates of P
b) Find the volume of solid generated when the shaded region is
revolved 3600 about y-axis
Y
P y=6x
K
y=16-x2
X
0
a ) y 16 x 2 16
when
V x 2 dy Vcone
12
x 0, y 16
16
P (0,16 ) 1
V (16 y )dy r 2 h
12
3
b )6 x 16 x 2 16
y2 1
x 2 6 x 16 0 V 16 y (2) 2 (12)
2 12 3
( x 2)( x 8) 0
x 2, x 8 (16) 2 (12) 2 1
V (16(16) ) (16(12) ) (48 )
x 2 2 2 3
when V 128 120 16
x 2, y 12
K ( 2,12 )
V 24unit3
Example 6
Diagram below shows the area bounded by the line x+y=7, the
curve y=x-(4/x), the x-axis and the y-axis.
a) Find the coordinates of A and B.
b) If the area is rotated through 3600 about the x-axis, find
the volume generated
Y
x+y=7
Y=x-(4/x)
A
B X
0
a ) A(4,3)andB(2,0)
296
b) unit 3
3
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 207 - 208
Questions: 26 - 29