Principles of Anatomy

and Physiology
Thirteenth Edition

Gerard J. Tortora • Bryan H. Derrickson

Chapter 5
The Integumentary System

Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 Hair shaft
Epidermal ridges Papillary plexus
Dermal papillae
Free nerve ending
Capillary loop
Sweat pore

EPIDERMIS
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Corpuscle of touch Papillary region
(Meissner corpuscle)
Arrector pili muscle
DERMIS
Hair follicle
Reticular region
Hair root
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland Subcutaneous
layer
Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscle
Blood vessels:
Sensory nerve Vein
Adipose tissue Artery
Cutaneous plexus (a) Sectional view of skin and subcutaneous layer
 EPIDERMIS

Papillary
region

DERMIS

Reticular
region

Sebaceous (oil) gland

Hair root

Hair follicle

LM 60x
(b) Sectional view of skin
 Sweat pores

Epidermal ridges

(c) Epidermal ridges and sweat pores

 Epidermal ridge

Corpuscle of touch
in dermal papilla

LM 250x
(d) Sectional view of dermal papillae and epidermal ridges
 Keratin Melanin
granule

(a) Keratinocyte (b) Melanocyte

Tactile (Merkel)
disc

Sensory neuron

(c) Langerhans cell (d) Merkel cell

 Dead keratinocytes
Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum Lamellar granules

Keratinocyte

Stratum spinosum
Langerhans cell

Merkel cell
Tactile disc
Sensory neuron
Melanocyte
Stratum basale
Dermis

(a) Four principal cell types in epidermis

Superficial Epidermis:

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Dermis

Deep
LM 240x
(b) Photomicrograph of a portion of the skin
 Hair shaft

Hair root

Sebaceous gland Arrector pili muscle

Hair root plexus

Eccrine sweat gland
Bulb

Papilla of the hair

Apocrine sweat gland

Blood vessels

(a) Hair and surrounding structures

 Hair shaft

Epidermal cells

SEM 70x
(b) Several hair shafts showing
the shinglelike cuticle cells
 Hair root:
Medulla
Cortex

Cuticle of the hair

Hair follicle:
Dermal root sheath
Internal root
External root sheath sheath
Epithelial Epithelial
Internal root sheath External root root sheath
root sheath
sheath
Cuticle of the hair
Cortex Dermal root sheath
Medulla
Hair matrix
Melanocyte Bulb
Papilla of the hair
Blood vessels

(c) Frontal section of hair root

 Hair root:
Cuticle of the hair
Cortex

Medulla

Hair
follicle:
Internal root
Epithelial sheath
root
sheath External root
Dermal root
sheath
sheath

(d) Transverse section of hair root

Free edge

Nail body (plate)

Lunula

Eponychium (cuticle)

Nail root

(a) Dorsal view

 Sagittal plane
Nail root Eponychium Lunula Nail body
(cuticle) (plate)

Free edge of nail

Hyponychium
(nail bed)

Epidermis
Dermis
Phalanx (finger
bone)
Nail matrix

(b) Sagittal section showing internal detail

 Dividing basal
epithelial cells

Detached, enlarged
basal epithelial cells Epidermis
migrating across Stratum
wound basale
Basement
membrane
Dermis
(a) Division of basal epithelial cells and (b) Thickening of epidermis
migration across wound
Epidermal wound healing
 Blood clot in wound
Scab
Epithelium migrating
across wound
Resurfaced
Fibroblast epithelium
Collagen fibers Collagen fibers
Monocyte (macrophage) Scar tissue
Neutrophil
Fibroblast
Dilated blood vessel
Damaged blood vessel
Restored blood
End of clot vessel

(c) Inflammatory phase (d) Maturation phase

Deep wound healing
 Ectoderm

Mesenchyme

(a) Fourth week

 Periderm
Basal layer

(b) Seventh week

 Intermediate layer
Epidermal ridge

Basal layer
Dermal papilla

Melanoblast

Developing collagen and

elastic fibers

(c) Eleven weeks

 Basal layer
Bud of developing
sudoriferous gland
Hair bud

(d) Twelve weeks

 Developing
sudoriferous gland

Developing
sebaceous gland

Hair bulb

(e) Fourteen weeks

 Developing
sebaceous gland

Hair shaft

Papilla of the hair

(f) Sixteen weeks

 Hair shaft
Sweat pore
Duct of sudoriferous
gland

Sebaceous gland Arrector pili muscle

Bulb Epithelial root sheath

Papilla of the Dermal root sheath
hair
Secretory portion of
Blood vessels sudoriferous gland
(g) Eighteen weeks
 Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum
Epidermis
Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Dermis Melanocyte

(h) At birth
(a)Normal nevus (mole) (B) Malignant melanoma
 Epidermis Epidermis Epidermis

Dermis Dermis

Subcutaneous
layer

(a) First-degree burn (b) Second-degree burn (note the (c) Third-degree burn
(sunburn) blisters in the photograph above)
 Anterior and posterior
Anterior head and neck head and neck
4.5% 9%

Anterior shoulders, Anterior and posterior

arms, forearms, shoulders, arms,
4.5% Anterior 4.5% forearms, and hands
and hands trunk
9% 18%
18%
Anterior and posterior trunk
36%

Anterior thighs, 9% 9% Perineum

legs, and feet 1%
18%
Anterior and posterior
thighs, legs, and feet
36%

100%
Anterior view
Pressure ulcer on heel