Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
463 times
3.5 times
50 times
Urban
agglomerates
53 cities with
population more
than 1 million
MoRTH,
600
500 439
359 387 385 383
400
314 304
263 279
300 231 256
200 161 182 177
88
100
0
l i r ta ow i r a t i
d re pa el
h ad pu lka na ba pu atn ne ura ara as
a ba alo o D ab n n ia m g P u S d n
Bh er Ka Ko uc
k
dh Mu a P do ra
ed ang N
Va
m B yd L Lu Va
Ah H
?
All other April 2005 April 2010 April 2010
new 11 cities-
vehicles April 2003 13 cities- No date for rest
April 2005 of the country
2000
Emission (kt/year)
-19%
1500
1000
-36%
500
-36%
0
No control BS-I BS-II
PM10 NMVOC NOX
Earth Science and Climate Change Sustainable Habitats
Decentralized Electricity Solutions Centre for Environmental studies
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PM reductions have been more than NOx
Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Modeling & Economic Analysis Social Transformation
Inuse vehicles -Unaccounted emissions due to driving
cycles for emission testing
• Unregistered vehicles
• Overloading
• Limited maintenance and ineffective PUC system
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Transport – Its not just PM !!
Highest contributor to NOx emissions in India
Gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, VOCs) lead to
secondary PM formation
NOx and VOCs can lead to formation of ground level
Ozone (impacts health + agriculture)
BC (a constituent of PM) has a significant warming
potential.
NAMP data
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Water Resources
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Air quality (2011)
NAMP data
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Water Resources
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Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Modeling & Economic Analysis Social Transformation
PM2.5
Ambient PM2.5
caused an
estimated
627,000 deaths
̴ 6% of all
deaths in 2010
GBD-Lancet, 2012
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Effects on Ozone on crop productivity
PM2.5 (Average)
100% 0 2
13
80%
50
70
60% 6
4
40% 16
0 4
50 3
20%
5 29
10
0%
Bangalore Delhi Pune
1200 60
1000 49 50
48
800 40
VOC (ppb)
VRS Off
600 30 VRS On
25 %reduction
400
23 20
200 10
0 0
1 2 3 4
Petrol pumps
Control
•Provide ULSD in the entire country and a clear roadmap for advancement of
emission norms for the whole country
•Effective inspection and maintenance program
•Standards for fugitive emissions
Shift
•Enhancement of public transport (bus/rail/waterways) and non-motorized
transport
•Alternate fuels: CNG, LPG etc.