Combustion (Waste-to-

Energy)
Third of the IWM options
Reduce the volume of waste
noticeably, up to ninefold
Used to recover useful
energy
 Volume reduction alone can make high
capital cost of incinerators attractive when
landfill space is at premium or when the
landfill is distant from the point of generation.

 Incinerator bottom ash has a promise for

reuse as a building material.
Major Constraints of
Incinerators

Cost
Relatively High Degree
Public Safety
Concerns of the
Public
Stack emissions from
incinerators
Toxicity of ash produced
by incinerators
 Landfills
One form of waste management that nobody
wants but everybody needs
The only management technique that is both
necessary and sufficient
Can also turn into resource
Monofills
Focus on one kind of waste
material like combustion
ash or shredded tires.
 Characteristics of
Modern Landfills
Modern landfill can assure protection of
human health.
Today’s landfills do not take hazardous waste.
They do not receive bulk liquids.
Contains gas control systems, liners, leachate
collection systems, and extensive monitoring
systems.
They are better sited and located
 Sources of Solid Waste
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Construction and demolition
Municipal services
Treatment plant sites
Industrial
Agricultural
Municipal Solid Waste
Normally assumed to include all
community wastes with the
exception of wastes generated
from municipal services, water and
wastewater treatment plants,
industrial processes, and
agricultural operations
POLICY FRAMEWORK OF THE ECOLOGICAL
SOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT ACT
R.A. 9003 (2000)
 Protection of public health and environment
 Use of environmentally sound methods (maximize resourceuse and
resource conservation and recovery)
 Solid waste avoidance and volume reduction (measures andfacilities)
 Proper solid waste segregation, collection, transport, storage,treatment,
and disposal
 Research and develGreater private sector participation
 opment programs
 Primary role of LGUs retained
 Cooperative effort among NGAs, LGU, NGO, private sector
 Use of MBIs (cooperation and self-regulation)
 Institutionalize public participation
 Integration into academic curricula
 Points to ponder:
It is significant to know the difference
between the definitions of solid waste terms
and the classifications of solid waste vary
greatly in literature and in profession.
The use of published data requires
considerable care, judgment, and common
sense.