AIM

To explore more and more ideas and information about bhakti movement and to get knowledge about poet saints
and their composition
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

1. To comprehend , analyse and be aware of the ways and means by which the poets and saints of bhakti tried to disseminate
their ideas .

2. To know the ideas of these poet saints changed the society.

3. To know how art literature and stories played an important role in communication and shaped their ideas.

4. To critically study the sources in detail and draw inferences from it.
LEARNING OUTCOME

 I am able to know about different poet saints and about their composition.

 I am able to know about principles of bhakti movement.

 I am able to know as well as message they had given to their followers.

 I am able to know the various ways through which poet saints disseminate their ideas and messages.

 I am able to know about various sources from where information was collected.
INTRODUCTION
Bhakti is the most characteristic feature of the
religious development during the medieval period .

It was the movement which emphasized single-

minded intense devotion to God.

It was a complete surrender of oneself to God.

The movement which emphasized primarily these

ideas was the Bhakti movement—devotion to God.
Bhakti to God was accepted as salvation.

theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval

Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism.
FEATURES

 Harmony among diverse section of society.

 Salvation through intense love and devotion for god.

 Condemnation of rituals , ceremonies and blind faith.

 Repetition of true name.

 Self –surrender.

 Posed a challenge to orthodox Brahmanical tradition.

 Poet- saints emerged as a leader

 Belief in one god

 Hindu- Muslim unity.

CAUSES OF RISE

 Evils in hindu society .

 Challenge from rival religion.

 Influence of sufism.

 Vedas and upnishads were very complicated.

 Use of reason and emotions.

IMPACT
Socio-cultural

 Status of women received more importance.

 Upliftment of lower classes.

 Promoted the growth of vernacular language and literature.


 More importance to local languages.

 Spirit of harmony.

religious
 Hindu – Muslim unity and cooperation.

 It posed a challenge to social evils prevailed in the society.

SHAIVISM

 The followers of Shaivism are called by the name

shaivaites.

 It was extolled in philosophy of advaita founded by

Adi shankara of 8-century A.D.

 Lord shiva is spoken as supreme brahman that give

birth to many individual selves.

 There are two sub groups ---

Vedic puranic
esoteric
VAISHNAVISM
 The followers are called vaishnavaites.

 Believes in supremacy of lord Vishnu.

 It was jointly founded by many leaders but credit goes to

ramanujacharya (12 century A.D.)

 He is said to be founder of vishishtadvaita philosophy that

explains the principle of Vaishnavism.

 Lord Vishnu is consider as supreme brahman who give birth

to many individual selves.

 Ten avatars were recognised within the tradition.

 Unified religious tradition.

ALVARS
 Tamil poet –saints of south India.

 Vishnu as supreme god.

 They helped in promoting the Bhagavat cult

and Ramayana and Mahabharata.

 Nalayira Divyaprabandham.

 First three alvars- poigai, bhootnath and pey.

 Andal was a female alvar poet saint.

NAYANARS
 Tamil poet saints of south india.

 Group of 63 saints.

 Tevaram- detailed life of poet saints.

 Karaikkal ammaiyar was devotee of shiva

who adopted the path of asceticism in
order to attain her goal.

 First three saints – appar, sambandar and

sundarar.
VIRASHAIVA TRADITION
 New movement emerged in 12 century by Basavana.

 Followers were lingayats.

 They worshipped shiva in his manifestation asa linga.

 Wear a small linga over left shoulder.

 On death devotee will unite with shiva and will not return to this world.

 They challenged the ideas of caste and pollution.

 Encouraged practices which are disapproved by dharmashastra.

 Vachanas.
NATH, JOGIS, SIDDHAS

 They did not function within Brahmanical framework.

 Many of them from artisanal groups who were becoming important due
development n craft production.

 It was a sub- tradition of Shaivism.

 It combined the idea of Shaivism ,yoga and buddhism traditions.

 They formed monastic organisation.

 Kumbh mela is one of their practice.

KABIR
 Born in kashi.

 Born in hindu family but raised by muslim family.

 He adopted both concets of hindu and muslims but vigorously criticised the
both.

 In bijak he mocked the practice of praying to avatars .

 Some poem are composed in sant bhasha and others are written in
ulatbansi.

 He used various term for referring the ultimate reality.

 Verses ascribed in various traditions- Kabir granthavali Kabir bijak adi granth
sahib.

 Hagiographies suggests that Kabir was initiated into bhakti by guru

ramananda .
GURU NANAK DEV

 Born in nanakana sahib near Lahore.

 He founded Sikhism during 15 century.

 He was a Nirguna poet.

 Simple way to connect to divine is naam japna,kirat karo,

vand chakna.

 Earliest biographical sources are janamsakhis.

KHALSA PANT
 On the day of Baisakhi guru govind singh gathered all Sikhs at Anandpur
sahib on 1699.

 Sikh faced religious persecution when guru teg bahadur was executed .

 It was a special group of sikh warriors as well as community that consider

Sikhism as its faith.
KHALSA PANT
MIRABAI

 Born in Rajasthan.

 Married against her wish.

 She recognised Krishna as her lover and herself as

yogini .

 She was saguna poet.

 Her in laws tried to poison her but she escaped and

lived as wandering saint.
ROYAL PATRONAGE
 Chola rulers tried to claim divine support
through royal paronage.

 Built splendid temple like thanjavur,

bridaheshwara temple to claim their power
and status.

 King introduced the singing of tamil Shaiva

hymns in the temple.

 Parantaka 1 constructed metal images of

appar sambandar and sundarar.