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Kultur Dokumente
Personality disorder
OCPD 2%
Paranoid 2%
Antisocial 1-4%
Schizoid 1%?
Schizotypical 1%
Avoidant 1-2%
Histrionic 2%
Borderline 2-3%
Dependent 0.5%
Narcissistic .5-1%
Torgerson, S.2009 The nature and nurture of personality disorders. Scan J psychol 50:624-632
Severe disturbance of personality and behaviour that are
pronounced deviations from normal cultural patterns
• Ego Syntonic
• Borderline
• Hystrionic
Unstable
• Anankastik
Emotion
• Avoidant
• ‘dependent
Uncategorized
Cluster A Cluster B Cluster C
(odd/ecentric) (dramatic, (anxious/fearful)
• Paranoid emotional . • avoidant
Erratic) • dependent
• Schizoid
• schizotypal • Antisocial/dis • obsessive -
osial compulsive,
• borderline
• histrionic
• narcistic
Monozygote >> dyzigotic twin
C, probably
Endorphins phlegmatic
Serotonin depression,
Dopamine : euphoria
Dissociation
Isolation
Projection
Splitting
•good / bad
Passive agression
Acting out
F>M
Recurrent failure to resist impulses to pull out
hairs which can cause noticeable hair loss
Onset related to stressful situations; disturbance
of mother-child relationships, fear of being left
alone, recent object loss, depression, self
stimulation
DD/ OCD, Factitious dis
Generally begins in childhood/adolescence; late
onset may be associated with chronicity
Psychoth/, behaviour th/, hypnoth/, SSRI, lithium,
anxiolytic with antihistamine properties
tricotillomani
Others
Intermittent explosive disorder
M>F
Discrete episodes of losing control of aggressive
impulses which are grossly out of proportion to any
precipitating stressors, followed by sincere
regret/self-reproach
Unfavorable childhood environment, brain damage,
decreases in serotonergic transmission
Psychoth/, anticonvulsant, SSRI, neurosurgery (?)
Oniomania
F>M
Compulsive buying; low self-esteem, anxiety,
reduce stress
Psychoth/, Debtors Anonymous, antipsychotic,
antianxiety, antidepressant, SSRI
F 64 Gender identity disorder
Gender identity is a psychological state that reflects
the self’s sense of being male or female
Types
Exhibitionism
M
Recurrent urge to expose the genital to a stranger or
unsuspecting person (opposite sex); orgasm is brought
by masturbation during or after the event
To assert masculinity : showing fright, surprise
reaction of the spectators
Fetishism
M
Sexual focus are objects intimately associated with
human body (shoes, gloves, panties, bras, stockings),
sometimes with a particular texture (rubber, leather,
plastic)
Orgasm reached by masturbation with/into the objects
or the objects incorporated into sexual intercourse
The objects are symbol of phallus, associated with
sexual stimulation at an early age
Transvestic fetishism
Fantasies & sexual urges to wear the opposite sex
clothing for arousal & adjunct to masturbation/coitus
M > F ; begins in childhood/early adolescence, cross-
dressing may become permanent; overt symptoms :
since latency, mostly at pubescence/adolescence
Voyeurism (scopophilia)
Recurrent preoccupation with fantasies and acts to look
at people who are naked or engaging in grooming or
sexual activity (without the observed people being
aware), usually followed with masturbation to orgasm
Mostly M, first act usually during childhood
Paedophilia
Recurrent, intense sexual urges toward/arousal by
prepubertal/early pubertal children, for at least 6 mos
(the perpetrator aged 16 years/more, at least 5 years
older than the victim); mostly M
Genital fondling, oral sex
95% perpetrators are heterosexual, 60% victims are
boys; some perpetrators are interested only to girls,
some to boys and some in both sexes
Sadomasochism
Necrophilia
Obsession of obtaining sexual gratification from
corpses inflicting the greatest humiliation to the
lifeless victims: psychosis ?
Partialism, oralism
Oral sex is the only source of sexual gratification;
no coitus
Zoophilia
Animals are preferentially incorporated into arousal
fantasies or sexual activities
Urophilia
Interest in sexual pleasure associated with the desire
to urinate on a partner or to be urinated on; may be
associated with masturbatory technique (insertion of
foreign objects into the urethra for sexual stimulation)
Masturbation
Achieving sexual pleasure-orgasm by ownself
is prefered than sex with a partner
Hypoxyphilia
Desire to achieve an altered state of
consciousness due to hypoxia while
experiencing orgasm
F 66 Psychological and behavioural
disorders associated with
sexual development and
orientation