PREPARED BY:

JERICKO V. DEIPARINE
BSME- IV
 INTRODUCTION
 DRILL
 DRILLING MACHINE
 PARTS
 TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINE
(Overview)
 VIBRATION
 AFFECTED PARTS
 POSSIBLE SOLUTION
 Drilling is the operation of producing a
cylindrical hole of required diameter and
depth by removing metal by the rotating
edge of a cutting tool called drill. Drilling is
one of the simplest methods of producing a
hole. Drilling does not produce an accurate
hole in a workpiece. The internal surface of
the hole generated by drilling becomes
rough and the hole is always slightly
oversize due to vibration of the spindle and
the drill.
 A power operated machine tool which holds
the drill in its spindle rotating at high speeds
and when actuated move linearly against
work piece produces a hole.
 Head Parts
The head of the drilling machine consists of a
housing that contains an electric motor, spindle and
sleeve. A V-belt connects the electric motor to
adjustable pulleys, which rotate the spindle inside
the sleeve. The V-belt can be moved up or down on
the pulleys to adjust the speed of the spindle.
 Feed Lever
The feed lever is the "hands-on" part of the drill
press. It's located on the right side of the head, and
looks like a wheel with spokes and knobs. The
operator grasps one of the round knobs with one
hand, and pulls the wheel down to lower the bit into
the wood. When the bit is finished drilling, the
operator pushes the wheel back up to raise the bit.
 Chuck and Sleeve
The drill chuck, the focal point of the
machine, secures the cutting device or drill bit,
to the end of the spindle protruding from the end
of the sleeve.
 Column, Table and Base
The column is the long, vertical pipe that
supports the head. Below the head, located on
the column, an adjustable table supports the
work-piece. The table moves vertically up and
down the column, and tilts to facilitate angled
holes. At the base of the column, a large base
supports everything with a stable, vibration-free
heaviness.
 UPRIGHT SENSITIVE DRILL PRESS

 UPRIGHT DRILL PRESS

 RADIAL ARM DRILL PRESS

 Gang Drilling Machines

 Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine

 Micro-Drill Press

 Turret Type Drilling Machine

 Vibration is at the heart of a variety of
common problems in machining holes.
Mathematical analysis is helping to bring about a
better understanding of hole-making
processes...including how these vibrations
behave, and what steps to take to bring them
under control.
 Vibrationproblems generally result in
noise, bad surface quality and sometimes
tool breakage.

 Themain sources are of two types:

forced vibrations and self-generated
vibrations.
 Forced vibrations are mainly generated by
interrupted cutting (inherent to milling), runout, or
vibrations from outside the machine. The tendency of
one object to force another adjoining or
interconnected object into vibrational motion is
referred to as a forced vibration.
 Self generated vibrations are related to the fact that
the actual chip thickness depends also on the
relative position between tool and workpiece during
the previous tooth passage. Thus increasing
vibrations may appear up to levels which can
seriously degrade the machined surface quality.
 Drill bit vibrations can have an adverse affect on
drilling performance resulting in lobed holes,
burr formation and tool breakage. An analytical
model for predicting torque, thrust and radial
forces in drilling has been developed. The model
includes the effects of the drill bit transverse
deflections which lead to variations from the
mean values in the cutting forces. Simulations for
a drill, exhibiting increasing elliptical
translational motion due to drill vibrations,
indicate a significant increase in the ranges of
the torque and thrust while maintaining
essentially constant mean values.
 High-speed strategies
Industrial and academic researchers
have widely studied machining vibration.
Specific strategies have been developed,
especially for thin-walled work pieces, by
alternating small machining passes in order
to avoid static and dynamic flexion of the
walls. The length of the cutting edge in
contact with the workpiece is also often
reduced in order to limit self-generated
vibrations.
 Modeling

The modeling of the cutting forces

and vibrations, although not totally
accurate, makes it possible to simulate
problematic machining and reduce
unwanted effects of vibration.
 Stability Lobe Theory

Multiplication of the models based on

stability lobe theory, which makes it
possible to find the best spindle speed for
machining, gives robust models for any
kind of machining.
 Time domain numerical model

Time domain simulations compute

workpiece and tool position on very small
time scales without great sacrifice in
accuracy of the instability process and of
the surface modeled.
 Drive and driven pulleys with multiple or
single belts should be in the same line of
action or in the same plane. If not in the
same plane through cocking of one sheave
relative to the other, or if parallel but not in
alignment, then excessive vibration results.
Proper alignment in the same plane cures
the problem. Make sure that the grooves are
aligned rather than basing alignment on the
sides of the pulley.