WESTMEAD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

ALANGILAN, BATANGAS CITY

RICE MILLING
SYSTEM
BY: REYMART B. EBORA
INTRODUCTION
 What is MILLING?
Milling is a crucial step in post-production of rice. The basic objective of a
rice milling system is to remove the husk and the bran layers, and produce an
edible, white rice kernel that is sufficiently milled and free of impurities.
Most rice varieties are composed of roughly 20% rice hull or husk, 11%
bran layers, and 69% starchy endosperm, also referred to as the total milled
rice.
In an ideal milling process this will result in the following fractions: 20%
husk, 8−12% bran depending on the milling degree and 68−72% milled rice or
white rice depending on the variety. Total milled rice contains whole grains
or head rice, and brokens. The by-products in rice milling are rice hull, rice
germ and bran layers, and fine brokens.
Objectives:
To understand the different methods and
processes used in rice milling industry
To know the equipment utilized in the
different stages and/or process in rice
milling industry.
To identify the health and safety practices
in rice milling industry.
COMPANY: Primavera Rice Mill
Guiguinto, Bulacan
Company Overview
Primavera Rice Mills Corporation
owns and operates a rice mill. The
company sells mist polished rice
and whole grains. It offers products
through distributors in the
Philippines. The company was
formerly known as E.M. Herrera
Rice Mill. Primavera Rice Mills
Corporation was founded in 1974
and is based in Bulacan, the
Philippines.
FLOW CHART FOR RICE MILLING
 Processes in Rice Milling
Milling is a term that describes the processes of converting paddy into
rice. It includes:
 Cleaning: Removing foreign material such as particles of sand, stones,
straw, seeds, etc. from the paddy.
 Dehusking and husk separation: Removing the husk from the paddy
with a minimum of damage to the grain, and separating the husk from
the paddy.
 Paddy separation (Milling): Separating dehusked paddy from any
remaining paddy grains. Most dehuskers remove about 90% of the
husk.
 Bran removal: Removing all or part of the bran layer from the grain to
produce polished rice.
 Grading: Separating (or grading) broken from unbroken rice. The
 CLEANING
 Cleaning --removal from the paddy of foreign material such as sand,
stones, straw, metal particles, and other seeds - is the first step in modern
rice milling. Cleaning not only produces clean rice but also protects the
other milling machinery and increases milling capacity.

The paddy is fed into the top of the

machine(A), and passes to the first sieve
(1) that has large perforations and retains
only large impurities, which are conveyed
to the overflow (B). The second sieve (2)
with small perforations holds the paddy
and allows small impurities to fall to the
bottom pan where they are discharged
(D). The precleaned paddy, held by the
second sieve, is then removed (C).
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 DRYING
 Mechanical drying prevents losses to birds, uneven drying of paddy,
and dependence on the sun.
 Mechanical drying of paddy is known to improve the overall
productivity of milling operations and milling characteristics of paddy
 By using mechanical dryer, milling operation can be continued even
during the rainy season.
Mechanical Dryer
Brand: Suncue
Made in Taiwan
No of unit: 4
Maximum load capacity: 6 tons per unit
Purpose and function:
Faster drying process, energy saver, gaster
loading and unloading process.
Extract grain moisture evenly, less broken rice.
Automatic cleaning system for exhaust air
passages of drying system.
Low heat flow to produce grains with cool
temperature for best quality rice.
Can be equipped with computerized moisture
meter for even moisture content of grains.
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HULLING
 The objective of a hulling machine is to remove the husk from the
paddy grain with a minimum of damage to the bran layer and, if
possible, without breaking the brown rice grain. Hulling machines
are known by different names, such as shellers, hullers, dehuskers,
huskers, and hulling mills. Most commonly of these machines are
called "hullers".
 Automatic Paddy Husker (Huller)
Brand: SPORTSMAN Made in Thailand
No. Of Units:4
Maximum Output:3 Tons per hour each unit
Purpose and function:
Husking ratio is higher than traditional type.
Fan powered cooling system can prolong
the life of the rubber rollers.
Replacement of the rubber rollers are quick
and easy.
Machine is sealed to prevent dust from
escaping.
Brown rice isn’t easily broken.
Grains are evenly husked.
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 POLISHING
In the process of polishing the whitened rice, the bran particles still
sticking to the surface of the rice are removed, and the surface of
the rice is slightly polished to give it a shinier appearance. Polishing,
therefore, always takes place after completion of the whitening
process.
Some confusion exists about the words used for these processes.
Whitening is sometimes called "polishing" or "milling". Polishing is
sometimes called "refining“ or "grinding".
Three kinds of whitening machines are widely used in the rice
processing industry: (1) the vertical abrasive whitening cone; (2) the
horizontal abrasive whitening machine; and (3) the horizontal friction
whitener (the horizontal jet pearler).
VERTICAL ABRASIVE WHITENING CONE
HORIZONTAL ABRASSIVE WHITENER
HORIZONTAL FRICTION WHITENER
VERTICAL RICE WHITENING MACHINE
Brand: Oyama
Made in Taiwan
No of Sets: 3 (3 units per set)
By means of a vertical abrasive rice whitening machine
in combination with two vertical friction whitening
machines, the 3 in 1 combination is highly efficient, less
costly, energy saving, rice whitening mechanism,
replacing the accustomed devices of conventional
horizontal and outdated vertical rice polishers.
The new machine adopts the updated rice whitening
method which employs the primary grain weight to
maintain the proper pressure within the milling
chamber taking merely one third the strength
previously required for outlet weights.
Consequently, each and every rice grain may receive
an even and intact bran-removing process for high
productivity, less broken rice and high quality of rice.
Mist Polisher
Brand: OYAMA
Made in Taiwan
Maximum Capacity: 70 to 80 cavans per
hour
No. of Units: 4
Purpose and function:
Eliminates existing rice bran, insects, bacteria
and dust from ordinary milled rice, enabling
rice to be:
* clean and hygenic
* ready to cook
* prolonged shelf life
* brighter and more transparent giving it
higher commercial value
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GRADING
After the whitening operation the unbroken rice is still mixed with
different sized broken rice, bran, and dust. Separation of these
particles after whitening is termed "grading". The degree of grading
is determined by the rice market or consumer preference. Many
rice markets do not require any grading; others require a
sophisticated grading system that will produce a clean, bran-free
rice with no brokens. Most rice markets will accept a small
percentage of brokens but demand a clean and bran-free rice.
Bran and dust particles are separated by air aspiration. This may be
in the form of a blower pulling an airstream through a column of
rice, similar to that used in a cleaner, or a special aspirator installed
just for this purpose.
Disc Separator (Grader)
Brand:Carter Day
Made in USA
No of units: 1
Maximum Output: 3 tons per hour
Purpose and function:
The grader is designed for high performance, critical
length sizing and the removal of oversized or
undersized grains in one pass through the machine.
As grains pass through the machine, discs with
indented pockets revolve through the material lifting
that which fits into the pockets.
Discs are available in solid or quick-change splits,
grey iron or nickel plated, with a variety of pocket
sizes to handle virtually any grain separation.
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SORTING
Color Sorter
Brand: Grain Art
Made in Japan
Maximum Output: 3 tons per hour
Purpose and Function:
Separate discolored grains from the good ones
by the use of photocell signals on which the air
ejector removes the inferior grains.
The machine also eliminates other foreign
materials such as metal, metal dust, stones
and colored glass.
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STORAGE/PACKING
Automatic Packer
Brand:Po Hsu
Made in Taiwan
Maximum Capacity: 3 to 4 cavans per
minute
Purpose and Function:
Electronically and pneumatically
controlled packing for precision and high
speed weighing.
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 Health and Safety Practices in
the Rice Mill
 Noise from machines in the rice mills was found to be
the major occupational hazard for the rice mill
workers.
 Proper wearing of personal protective equipment
inside the rice mill.
 Dust collectors are readily available inside the rice
milling plant.
 Most of the machines installed magnets to collect
unnecessary debris during the rice milling process.
SUMMARY
 Rice milling is composed of several processes: cleaning,
drying, hulling, sorting, grading, polishing and packing.
 Three kinds of whitening machines are widely used in the
rice processing industry: (1) the vertical abrasive
whitening cone; (2) the horizontal abrasive whitening
machine; and (3) the horizontal friction whitener (the
horizontal jet pearler).
 Safety and health practices in the rice mill industry
should be implemented to avoid accidents and
unnecessary incidents.
CONCLUSION

“The rice industry is vital for the global food supply security for it
accounts for more than 20% of calorie intake by human (Smith, 1998).“

From this statement I conclude that it is important to know the process

it undergo before it became a steamed rice. We should also consider
the environment condition, and the safety and health practices when
working in rice milling plant to ensure the quality of the rice we eat.
 The END!
THANK YOU!