Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Fuel Assembly of the Core
• Fuel assemblies are repeated in a regular fashion in the
core so that we can fairly assume circular shaped regions as
shown in the figure;
• A region is a volume inside the reactor having constant
enrichment (percentage of U-235 in fuel rods) and constant
average cross sections.
• Neutron flux is maximum at the
center and reduces to zero at
the reactor boundary.
( E ) E0
0 f (r , z, E ' ) (r , z, E ' )dE ' E 0 s (r , z, E ' E ) (r , z, E ' )dE'
E
(Equation 1)
k
7
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Diffusion Equation :
D(r , z , E ) (r , z , E ) t (r , z, E ) (r , z, E )
( E ) E0 E0
f (r , z, E ) (r , z, E )dE s (r , z, E E ) (r , z, E )dE (Equation 3)
k 0 E
8
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
1 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 2
𝛻2 = 𝑟 + (Equation 4)
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑧 2
• Neutron flux is
constant at each
node.
• Material parameters
are constant in each
cell.
𝑟 1 ℎ 1
𝑖+ 𝑗+2
2
න 𝑟 න 𝐹(𝑟, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧. 𝑑𝑟
𝑟 1 ℎ 1
𝑖− 𝑗−2
2
9
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Considering the 𝑔𝑡ℎ energy group, for the (𝑖, 𝑗)𝑡ℎ node along
the reactor radius and the axis respectively;
𝑟 1
𝑖+ 2
ℎ 1
𝑗+2 1𝑑 𝑑∅𝑖,𝑗 𝑑 2 ∅𝑖,𝑗 𝑟 1
𝑖+2
ℎ 1
𝑗+2
−න .න 𝑟 𝐷𝑔 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑧. 𝑑𝑟 + න . න Σ𝑡,𝑔 ∅𝑖,𝑗 𝑑𝑧. 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑆𝑔
𝑟 1 ℎ 1
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑧 2 𝑟 1 ℎ 1
𝑖− 2 𝑗−2 𝑖−2 𝑗−2
(Equation 5)
𝜒𝑔 𝑟𝑖+12 ℎ𝑗+12 𝐺 𝑟 1
𝑖+2
ℎ 1
𝑗+
𝑆𝑔 = න .න 𝜐Σ𝑓,𝑔 ∅𝑖,𝑗 𝑑𝑧. 𝑑𝑟 + න . න 2 Σ𝑠,𝑔−1→𝑔 ∅𝑖,𝑗 𝑑𝑧. 𝑑𝑟
𝑘 𝑟 1 ℎ 1 𝑔=1 𝑟 1 ℎ 1
𝑖− 𝑗− 𝑖− 𝑗−
2 2 2 2
(Equation 6)
Using finite difference method
𝑑∅𝑔 ∅𝑔,(𝑖+1,𝑗) −∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗)
Approximating at 𝑟, 𝑧 = (𝑟𝑖+1Τ2 , ℎ𝑗 )by and
𝑑𝑟 ∆𝑟,𝑖
𝑑∅𝑔 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗) −∅𝑔,(𝑖−1,𝑗)
at 𝑟, 𝑧 = (𝑟𝑖−1Τ2 , ℎ𝑗 ) by ;where ∆𝑟,𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 − 𝑟𝑖−1 .
𝑑𝑟 ∆𝑟,𝑖
10
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
𝑑∅𝑔 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗+1) −∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗)
approximating at 𝑟, 𝑧 = (𝑟𝑖 , ℎ𝑗+1Τ2 )by and
𝑑𝑧 ∆𝑧,𝑗
𝑑∅𝑔 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗) −∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗−1)
at 𝑟, 𝑧 = (𝑟𝑖 , ℎ𝑗−1Τ2 ) by ;where ∆𝑧,𝑗 = ℎ𝑗 − ℎ𝑗−1 .
𝑑𝑧 ∆𝑧,𝑗
The above equation has the following linear form;
𝑎𝑖−1 ,𝑗 ∅𝑔,(𝑖−1,𝑗) + 𝑏𝑖+1,𝑗 ∅𝑔,(𝑖+1,𝑗) +𝑐𝑖,𝑗 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗) + 𝑑𝑖,𝑗+1 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗+1) + 𝑒𝑖,𝑗+1 ∅𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗+1) = 𝑆𝑔(𝑖,𝑗)
(Equation 7)
𝜉𝑔,(𝑖,𝑗) ∅𝑔(𝑖,𝑗)
𝑆𝑔(𝑖,𝑗) = + 𝜁𝑔(𝑖,𝑗) . ∅𝑔−1,(𝑖,𝑗) (Equation 8)
𝑘
Where each coefficient is given by,
∆𝒛,𝒋 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 𝒓𝒊−𝟏/𝟐
𝒂𝒊−𝟏,𝒋 = 𝑫𝒊,𝒋 . + 𝑫𝒊,𝒋+𝟏 .
𝟐 𝟐 ∆𝒓,𝒊
∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 𝒓𝒊+𝟏/𝟐
𝒄𝒊+𝟏,𝒋 = 𝑫𝒊+𝟏,𝒋+𝟏 . + 𝑫𝒊+𝟏,𝒋 .
𝟐 𝟐 ∆𝒓,𝒊+𝟏
𝒃𝒊,𝒋
𝒓𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐𝒊 𝒓𝟐𝒊 −𝒓𝟐 𝟏
𝒊+𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 𝒊−𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏
= −𝒂𝒊−𝟏,𝒋 − 𝒄𝒊+𝟏,𝒋 + . + .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒕,(𝒊+𝟏,𝒋+𝟏) 𝒕,(𝒊,𝒋+𝟏)
𝒓𝟐𝒊 −𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐𝒊
𝒊−𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋 𝒊+𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋
+ . + . − 𝒅𝒊,𝒋−𝟏 − 𝒆𝒊,𝒋+𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒊,𝒋 𝒊+𝟏,𝒋 11
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
𝒓𝟐𝒊 − 𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐𝒊
𝒊−
𝟐 𝟏 𝒊+
𝟐 𝟏
𝒅𝒊,𝒋−𝟏 = −𝑫𝒊,𝒋 . − 𝑫𝒊+𝟏,𝒋 .
𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋 𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋
𝒓𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐𝒊 𝒓𝟐𝒊 − 𝒓𝟐 𝟏
𝒊+
𝟐 𝟏 𝒊−
𝟐 𝟏
𝒆𝒊,𝒋+𝟏 = −𝑫𝒊+𝟏,𝒋+𝟏 . − 𝑫𝒊,𝒋+𝟏 .
𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏
𝝃𝒊,𝒋
𝑮 𝒓𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐𝒊 𝒓𝟐𝒊 −𝒓𝟐 𝟏
𝒊+𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏 𝒊−𝟐 ∆𝒛,𝒋+𝟏
=𝝊൦ . + .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒈=𝟏 𝒕,(𝒊+𝟏,𝒋+𝟏) 𝒕,(𝒊,𝒋+𝟏)
12
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Considering through the core radius;
Linear Equation can be modified to a matrix format
For 𝑔 = 1 ∶ 𝐺
𝑔 1 𝑔 𝑔 𝑔 𝑔−1
[𝑆]𝑁𝑀×1 = . [𝐿]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 . [∅]𝑁𝑀×1 +[𝑅]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 . [∅]𝑁𝑀×1 (Equation 9)
𝑘
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔
[𝐴]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 . [∅]𝑁𝑀×1 = [𝑆]𝑁𝑀×1 (Equation 10)
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔
[∅]𝑁𝑀×1 = [𝐴−1 ]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 . [𝑆]𝑁𝑀×1 (Equation 11)
G G
g
T ( n 1 )
Lgg (gn 1 )
g 1 g 1
k ( n1 ) k ( n )
G G
g
T ( n 1 )
Lgg (gn ) (Equation 12)
g 1 g 1
𝑔 𝑔
Where [𝐴]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 is penta-diagonal and [𝐿]𝑁𝑀×𝑁𝑀 is diagonal
Iterations should be continued until [∅]𝑵𝑴×𝟏 and 𝒌 converge.
13
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Flowchart of the Algorithm
14
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Benchmarking Accuracy of
the Results
0.9
0.8
0.8
1
0.7
Neutron Flux - nv
0.8 0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0
20
0 0.2
5 15
10
0 15 10 0.1
20
40 25
5
0
30 0
30 Distance along 15
the Axis - h (cm)
Distance along the Radius - 20
r (cm) 10
10 5
0 0
16
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Result Verification…
h= 40 cm
h= 30 cm
h= 20 cm
r= 12 cm
0.8
Neutron Flux - nv
0.6
r= 8 cm
0.4
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Distance along the Axis - h (cm)
Group 14 - Final Presentation
(21/03/2014) 18
Result Verification
Results from our Numerical code
19
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Neutron Flux Distribution of a Cylindrical Reactor for two-group,
two-region, two-dimension case-Fast group
20
x 10
6
Neutron Flux - nv
0
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.5
0.35 0.45
0.3 0.4
0.25 0.35
0.3
0.2 0.25
0.15 0.2
0.1 0.15
0.1
0.05
0.05
0 0
Distance along the Axis - h (m)
Distance along the Radius - r (m)
20
x 10
6
Neutron Flux - nv
0
0.5
0.45 0.5
0.4 0.45
0.35 0.4
0.3 0.35
0.25 0.3
0.2 0.25
0.15 0.2
0.1 0.15
0.05 0.1
0.05
0 0
Distance along the Axis - h (m) Distance along the Radius - r (m)
Multiplication factor
Group 14 - Final Presentation
=1.09793
(21/03/2014) 21
Progress...
Step Analytical Solution Software (Numerical ) Solution
Two group/One
region/One dimension Completed Completed
(Radial flux Variation)
Two group/Two
region/One dimension Completed Completed
(Radial flux Variation)
Multi group/Multi
region/One dimension N/A Completed
(Radial flux Variation)
22
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Progress...
Step Analytical Solution Software (Numerical
) Solution
One group /One region/Two
dimension (Radial and Axial flux Completed Completed
Variation)
24
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Algorithm to obtain Control rod position to make reactor critical
5
0
x 10
“Nuclear Reactor Analysis”
20
0.1
Distance along the Axis from Top - h (m)
- J.J. Duderstadt and L.J. Hamilton
0.2
Reactor along the axis when control rods are inserted from top
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Control rods inserted to 0.8m
Reactor critical when control rods inserted 0.8m from the
top.
Only the shape of the flux distribution can be compared.
Radial flux variation is not affected by insertion of control
rods.
Axial flux variation distorts according the inserted depth of
Group 14 - Final Presentation
control rods. (21/03/2014) 26
Flux distribution and multiplication factor for a given control rod position
5
0
x 10
Reactor along the axis when control rods are inserted from top
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
29
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)
Thank You!
30
Group 14 - Final Presentation (21/03/2014)