Muscular Strength Muscular Power Muscular endurance Aerobic Power Anaerobic Power Muscular strength ability to exert force. Muscular power rate of performing work, or the product of force and velocity. Muscular endurance capacity to sustain a static contraction or to maintain repeated muscle contractions. Maximal aerobic power maximal capacity for aerobic resynthesis of ATP. Maximal anaerobic power maximal capacity of the anaerobic system to produce ATP. Strength ~ size 3 and 4 kg/cm2
man exercise training muscle strength
weight lifter quadriceps muscle >> maximal
contractile strength applied to patellar tendon ruptured holding strength 40 percent greater than the contractile strength.
power of muscle contraction >< muscle strength
power total amount of work that the muscle
performs in a unit period of time. Power : strength of muscle contraction distance of contraction number of times that it contracts each minute. kilogram meters (kg-m) per minute. Another measure endurance ~ nutritive support for the muscle -glycogen stored in the muscle before the period of exercise
carbohydrate, fat, mixed diet ???
ATP present in the muscles sufficient 3 seconds new ATP ??
cell ATP and cell phosphocreatine phosphagen
energy system ~ 8 to 10 seconds maximal short bursts of muscle power. Glycolysis anaerobic metabolism
glucose molecule two pyruvic acid molecules
mitochondria oxygen ATP molecules.
insufficient oxygen pyruvic acid then lactic acid diffuses into the interstitial fluid and blood. form ATP molecules about 2.5 times of oxidative mechanism of the mitochondria.
for short to moderate periods of muscle contraction
Lactic acid: converted back into pyruvic acid and then metabolized oxidatively
reconverted into glucose mainly in the liver glycogen
stores Early stages of heavy exercise aerobic energy capability is depleted. This results from two effects:
(1) oxygen debt
(2) depletion of the glycogen stores of the muscles.
2 liters - 0.5 liter in the lungs - 0.25 liter dissolved in the body fluids - 1 liter combined with the hemoglobin of the blood - 0.3 liter stored in the muscle fibers themselves, combined with myoglobin In heavy exercise oxygen is used breathing extra amounts of oxygen over and above the normal requirements.
alactacid oxygen debt and amounts to about 3.5 liters.
lactic acid oxygen debt and amounts to about 8 liters
energy from carbohydrates muscle glycogen liver glycogen glucose solutions 30 – 40% energy required
glycogen and blood glucose = 0 fat
size of muscles heredity level of testosterone secretion training hypertrophied muscle increase numbers of myofibrils mitochondrial enzymes phosphagen metabolic system, including both ATP and phosphocreatine stored glycogen stored triglyceride (fat) General principles of training : Principle of individuality Principle of specificity Principle of reversibility Principle of progressive overload Principle of variation TERIMA KASIH