Presented by:

Lilin Ika Nur Indahsari (176090100111012)

Lupita Oktaviona (176090100111013)
Department of Biology
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science
Universitas Brawijaya
Lost Empire
 When Rome fell in 476, knowledge, law,
culture, and technology fell with it.
 The army was lost, leaving the people
with no protection.
 Europe broke up into a bunch of
kingdoms each with their own laws and
leaders.
 Survival
• People lived in small villages and
nearly everyone had to farm to
provide enough food.
• If everyone is farmer, there are no
artists, lawyers, teachers, etc.
• This made the loss of knowledge
even worse.
Church Responsibilities

 Churches provided:
- Help for the poor.
- Education.
- Entertainment.
- Salvation.
 Feudalism
 Feudalism- a system of rule where people
trade their work for protection
 One guy owns the land, another works on it.
 Each group of people had specific jobs to
complete.
The Feudal
System King

Nobles/Barons

Knights

Peasants/Serfs
 Example
Peasants get: ______
Knights get: ______
Nobles get: ______

2 x 100
(200)

4 x 50 4 x 50
(200) (200)

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

 Science in the Dark Ages
 Many new types of Science and Technology can
be traced back to some point during the Dark
or Middle Ages.

 Math- Arithmitic, Calculus, theory and

experimentation were all developed by many
innovative scholars.

 Science- Basic chemistry and physics can be

documented in the Dark Ages. As well, the
early stages of medical surgery are
documented in 8th Century England.
 Medieval Achievements
Life was very chaotic during the early Dark
Ages. People concentrated on protecting
themselves from invasions and taking care of
their own physical needs.

After the onset of the Crusades, Europe

experienced greater prosperity and security
and a growing population. As a result, in the
12th and 13th centuries, medieval Europe had
its golden age.
 1. Improvements in Agricultural
Technology
 Windmills
 Water Wheels
 Iron tools
 Iron heavy plow (could go much
deeper into the soil)
 Horse collar
 System of crop rotation
 The Heavy Plow

Farmers were able to open up

extensive new fields thanks to the
heavy plough, boosting crop yields
and population numbers.
Water Mills
Water mills were first
developed by the Greeks
before being used
throughout the Roman
empire. Their numbers
exploded during this time.
By around 1000 A.D. there
were tens of thousands of
them. The technology
invented by the Greeks was
further refined during the
Middle Ages
2. Blast Furnace

The oldest
known blast
furnaces in
the West were
built in Dürstel
in Switzerland,
the Märkische
Sauerland in
Germany, and
Sweden at
Lapphyttan
where the
complex was
active
between 1150
and 1350.
3. Clocks:
The mechanical clock

The first mechanical

clocks to which clear
references exist were
large, weight-driven
machines fitted into
towers and known
today as turret clocks.
This clock was erected
at Rouen, France, in
1389.
4. Eyeglasses
13th-century
Italians came up
with eyeglasses.
They were first
documented in the
early 1300s, with
early models made
to be held up by
hand or pinched on
the nose. It wasn't
until the 1700s that
designs featuring
arms that bent
around the nose
became widely
used.
5. Universities
 Influenced by contacts with Islamic
scholarship during the Crusades, Europe
began to establish universities
 Led to translation of Aristotle and other
Greek scholars, from Arabic into Latin
 Universities taught mainly religious
courses at first, but later broadened
scope to include medicine, law
Thank You