TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA II

Teddy Pratama
Dede Saputra (DEWA)
Ahmad Yuhardi
Dizikri
EXAMPLE 8-4
Over 800 million pounds of propylene glycol were
produced in 2004 and the selling price was approximately
$0.68 per pound. Propylene glycol makes up about 25% of
the major derivatives of propylene oxide. The reaction
takes place readily at room temperature when catalyzed
by sulphuric acid.
You are the engineer in charge of an adiabatic CSTR
producing propylene glycol by this method.
Unfortunately, the reactor is beginning to leak, and you
must replace it. (you told your boss several times that
sulfuric acid was corrosive and that mild steel was a poor
material for construction). There is a nice-looking
overflow CSTR of 300-gal capacity standing idle; it is
glass-lined, and you you would like to use it.
 You are feeding 2500 lb/h (43.04 lb mol/h) of
propylene oxide to the reactor. The feed stream consist
of (1) an equivolumetric mixture of propylene oxide
(46.62 ft3/h) and methanol (46.62 ft3/h), and (2) water
containing 0.1 wt% H2SO4. The volumetric flow rate of
water is 233.1 ft3/h, which is 2.5 times the methanol-
PO flow rate. The corresponding molar feed rates of
methanol and water are 71.87 and 802.8 lb mol/h,
respectively. The water-propylene oxide-methanol
mixture undergoes a slight decrease in volume upon
mixing (approximately 3%), but you neglect this
decrease in your calculations . the temperature of both
feed streams is 58oF prior to mixing, but there is an
immediate 17oF temperature rise upon mixing of the
two feed streams caused by the heat of mixing. The
entering temperature of all feed streams is thus taken
to be 75oF (figure E8-4.1).
K=Ae-E/RT=16.96x1012(e-32.400?RT)
h-1
Solution
A+B C

A is propylene oxide (CPA=35 Btu/lb mol.oF)6

B is water (CPA=18 Btu/lb mol.oF)
C is propylene glycol (CPC=46 Btu/lb mol.oF)
M is methanol (CPM=19.5 Btu/lb mol.oF)
Mole Balance and design equation

The design equation in terms of

X is

Rate Law
Stoichiometry (liquid-phase, v=v0 )

Combining Yields

Solving for X as a function of T and

recalling that  = V/v0
The energy balance for this adiabatic in which there is
negligible energy input provided by stirrer is

Calculations:
Heat of reaction at temperature
T
Stoichiometry: The total liquid volumetric flow
rateentering the reactor is
Evaluate mole balance terms: The conversion
Calculated from the mole balance

Evaluate energy balance

terms
The conversion calculated from the energy balance for
an adiabatic reaction is given by equation

Substituting all the known

quantities into the energy balances
gives us
Solving
EXAMPLE 8-5
A cooling coil has been located in equipment
storage for use in the hydration of propylene
oxide. The cooling coil has 40ft2 of cooling surface
and the cooling water flow rate inside the coil is
sufficiently large that a constant coolant
temperature of 850F can be maintained. A typical
overall heat-transfer coefficient for such a coil is
100 Btu/h.ft2.oF. will the reactor satisfy the
previous constraint of 125oF maximum
temperature if the cooling coil is used?
Solution:
Combining the mole balance, stoichiometry, and rate
law

Energy balance
Solving the energy balance for XEB yields

The cooling coil

term

Recall that the cooling temperature

is
The numerical values of all other terms
Equation but with the addition of the heat
exchange .

Now we have this equation and two

unknows, X and T, use POLYMATH
program for exiting temperature and
conversion are 103.7˚F (563˚R) and 36.4 %.
Solution output to polymath
program